Dictionary of Music - Birding America

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Index of Composers 487Moore, Douglas 247Morales, Cristobál de 344Morley, Thomas 248Morton, Ferdinand “Jelly Roll”248Moussorgsky See MussorgskyMouton, Jean 344Mozart, Leopold 251, 465Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus251Muffat, Georg 30Mumma, Gordon 450Murch, Walter 141Musgrave, Thea 25, 450Mussorgsky, Modest 255NNancarrow, Colin 317Narváez, Luis 344Neidhart von Reuenthal 235Niccolò da Perugia 235Niebergall, Julia Lee 335Nielsen, Carl 260Nilsson, Bo 450Nishimura, Akira 450Nono, Luigi 25, 273, 450Nørgård, Per 450Notker, Balbulus 236Nyman, Michael 243, 450OObrecht, Jacob 266Ockeghem, Johannes 267Odington, Walter 236Offenbach, Jacques 268Oliver, Joseph “King” 200Oliveros, Pauline 450Orff, Carl 286Ornstein, Leo 450Ortiz, Diego 344Oswald von Wolkenstein236PPachelbel, Johann 30Paderewski, Ignace 297Paganini, Niccolò 297Palestrina, Giovanni 233, 297Panufnik, Andrzej 450Paolo Tenorista 236Parker, Horatio 283Parry, Charles 283Pärt, Arvo 450Partch, Harry 450Peeters, Flor 291Penderecki, Krzysztof 306Penella, Manuel 480Pepping, Ernst 303Pergolesi, Giovanni 278, 308Peri, Jacopo 276, 308Perle, George 451Perotin 15, 308Peter, Johann Friedrich 248Petrassi, Goffredo 451Pfitzner, Hans 89Piccinni, Niccolò 163, 278Picker, Tobias 68, 451Pierre de la Croix 15, 236Pijper, Willem 451Pinkham, Daniel 451Piston, Walter 315Pizzetti, Ildebrando 271, 450Pleyel, Ignaz 80Ponce, Manuel 169Ponchielli, Amilcare 319Popper, David 67Porter, Cole 320Porter, Quincy 312Poulenc, Francis 312, 321Pousseur, Henri 451Powell, Mel 312, 451Power, Leonel 236Praetorius, Michael 322Previn, André 391, 451Price, Florence 397Prokofiev, Sergey 141, 325Puccini, Giacomo 327Purcell, Henry 328QQuantz, Johann Joachim 330RRachmaninoff, Sergey 333Rameau, Jean-Philippe 335Ran, Shulamit 451Rands, Bernard 451Ravel, Maurice 336Read, Daniel 399, 444Redford, John 290Reger, Max 340Reich, Steve 341Respighi, Ottorino 347Reusner, Esajas 222Richafort, Jean 344Richter, Franz Xaver 229Riegger, Wallingford 375, 451Rieti, Vittorio 451Rihm, Wolfgang 451Riley, Terry 451Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay 350Rochberg, George 351Rodgers, Richard 353Rodrigo, Joaquin 169Romberg, Sigmund 280, 281Rore, Cipriano de 344Rorem, Ned 391, 451Rossi, Salamone 344Rossini, Gioacchino 355Rosza, Miklos 141Rouse, Christopher 169, 451Roussel, Albert 25, 356Rubinstein, Anton 356Ruders, Poul 451Ruggles, Carl 357Rutter, John 163, 451Rzewski, Frederic 451SSaariaho, Kaija 359Sachs, Hans 237, 359
488 The Facts On File Dictionary of MusicSaint-Saëns, Camille 359Salieri, Antonio 80Salzedo, Carlos 177Sammartini, Giovanni Batista322Sarasate, Pablo de 361Satie, Erik 361Scarlatti, Alessandro 364Scarlatti, Domenico 365Schaeffer, Pierre 255Scheidt, Samuel 31Schein, Johann 31Schickele, Peter 300Schlick, Arnolt 247, 345Schnittke, Alfred 366Schoenberg, Arnold 14, 366Schoenberg, Claude-Michel 253Schubert, Franz 367Schuller, Gunther 368Schuman, William 368Schumann, Clara Wieck 369Schumann, Robert 368Schütz, Heinrich 303, 369Schwantner, Joseph 451Sciarrino, Salvatore 451Scriabin, Alexander 371Searle, Humphrey 375, 451Seeger, Charles 147Seeger, Ruth See CrawfordSeegerSegovia, Andrés 169Senfl, Ludwig 216, 345Sermisy, Claudin de 345Sessions, Roger 376Shapey, Ralph 378Shchedrin, Rodion 451Sheng, Bright 451Shepherd, Adaline 335Shostakovitch, Dmitri 380Sibelius, Jean 380Siegmeister, Elie 452Skalkottas, Nikos 375, 452Smalley, Roger 452Smetana, Bedrich 384Soler, Martín y 80Soler, Padre Antonio 365Sondheim, Stephen 389Sor, Fernando 169Sousa, John Philip 230, 395Spohr, Ludwig 293, 466Stainer, John 283Stamitz, Anton 229Stamitz, Johann 229, 399Stamitz, Karl 229Steiner, Max 141Still, William Grant 400Stockhausen, Karlheinz 246,401Stradella, Alessandro 278Straus, Oscar 281Strauss, Johann (the Elder) 402Strauss, Johann (the Younger)402Strauss, Richard 402Stravinsky, Igor 403Strouse, Charles 452Subotnick, Morton 452Sullivan, Arthur 409Suppé, Franz von 281Süssmayr, Franz Xaver 252Swan, Timothy 444Sweelinck, Jan 410Szymanowski, Karol 452TTailleferre, Germaine 383Takemitsu, Toru 420Tallis, Thomas 420Talma, Louise 452Tan Dun 303, 452Tansman, Alexander 169Tarréga, Francisco 169Tartini, Giuseppe 422Tavener, John 423Taverner, John 192, 345Tchaikovsky, Piotr Ilyitch 423Telemann, Georg Philipp 424Thibaut IV 236Thomas, Ambroise 275Thompson, Randall 429Thomson, Virgil 141, 429Tinctoris, Johannes 432Tippett, Michael 432Torelli, Giuseppe 45, 435Tower, Joan 452Tudor, David 392Turina, Joaquín 169, 452Turnage, Mark-Anthony 452Tye, Christopher 345UUmlauf, Ignaz 382Ussachevsky, Vladimir 452VVarèse, Edgard 456Vaughan Williams, Ralph 141,456Verdelot, Philippe 345Verdi, Giuseppe 457Victoria, Tomás 459Vieuxtemps, Henri 466Villa-Lobos, Heitor 461Viotti, Giovanni 465, 466Vitali, Giovanni Batista 31, 45Vitry, Philippe de 15, 467Vittoria See VictoriaVivaldi, Antonio 468Vogelheide, Walther von 236WWagenseil, Georg 322Wagner, Richard 471Waldteufel, Emil 473Walton, William 472Watts, Isaac 186Webber, Andrew 253Weber, Carl Maria von 473Webern, Anton 474Weelkes, Thomas 345
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TheFACTS ON FILEDictionaryof MusicC
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CONTENTSAuthor’s NoteAbbreviation
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ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbrevia
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TheFACTS ON FILEDictionaryof Music
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acoustic 3ers the pitch one half to
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African-American music 5with cowbel
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allemande 7alborada (äl′′ bō
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ancora 9the alto voice is from the
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antiphon 11sometimes the SUBDOMINAN
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ariette 13ACCIACCATURA, which is a
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art rock 15heard (unamplified, ampl
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auxiliary tone 17special gatherings
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BB 1 One of the musical tones (see
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agpipe 21book, Versuch über die wa
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allet 23form (with the same music f
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allet 25SOME FAMOUS BALLETSComposer
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anjo 27among the civilian populatio
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aroque 29baritone horn 1 In America
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Bartók, Béla 31IMPORTANT BAROQUE
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asse danse 33voice with a strong up
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attuta 35now used in virtually ever
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ell 37composers of Western music. B
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Berlin, Irving 39twelve tones of th
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Birtwhistle, Harrison 41B-flat A mu
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lues 43certo, his Concerto Grosso n
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ore 45of whom are Giuseppe Torelli
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owing 47effects, and heavy percussi
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evis 49brass instruments make up th
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Bull, John 51Bruch (broo KH), Max (
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Byzantine chant 53Buxtehude (books
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56 Cabezón, Antonio detheatrical r
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58 caesuraFor older music the missi
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60 campanacampana (käm pä′nä).
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62 canticleother baroque forms, rea
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64 caposix voices, with or without
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66 castanetscastanets (kas′′tə
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68 celloWORKS FOR CELLO FROM 1800 O
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70 chamber operaMendelssohn, and Br
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72 chiaramenteA direc-chiaramente (
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74 chorale motetchorale motet A pol
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76 chordophonechordophone (kôr′d
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78 cinellicinelli (chē nel′lē).
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80 clarinettefig. 67 p/u from p. 84
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82 claviervibrate. The strings’ v
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84 collagerow neck, either two or t
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86 concertanteconcertante (kôn′
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88 concertoIMPORTANT PIANO CONCERTO
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90 concert overtureA concerto gross
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92 contrabasscontrabass (kon′trə
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94 cornetta(the accompanying illust
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96 country rockactivities such as q
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98 Credoacclaim, and she has come t
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100 Cui, Césarflat (see ENHARMONIC
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DD 1 One of the musical tones (see
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Delius, Frederick 105Debussy (dŒ b
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differential tone 107D-flat One of
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dissonance 109dim.Also, dimin. An a
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doo wop 111dodecupledoh (dō).See D
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double bass 113fig. 82 p/u from p.
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Druckman, Jacob 115the most importa
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dulcimer 117early electronic compos
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Dynamophone 119duramente (doo —
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122 editingSchubert wrote écossais
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124 electronic instrumentsas to obt
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126 electronic musiccreate sounds w
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128 empresséempressé (äN pre sā
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130 entr’acteability, or of balan
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132 étudesome other instruments th
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FF 1 One of the musical tones (see
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fantasia 137written out and the cho
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fifth 139feroce (fe rô′che) Ital
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finger hole 141McBoing-Boing; and M
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Flemish school 143flageolet (flaj
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flute 145sizes, the most common of
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form 147songs by such composers as
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free reed 149considered American fo
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frottola 151F was the favorite inst
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funk 153The fugue is thought to be
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GG 1 One of the musical tones (see
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gehalten 157a fiddle called the RAB
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gioco, con 159Youmans, and Kurt Wei
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Glinka, Mikhail 161complete Borodin
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gong 163Gloria (glô′rē ä). 1 A
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great organ 165The chants for this
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Gubaidulina, Sofia 167medieval trad
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guitare 169guitar A stringed instru
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HHThe German term for the note B na
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harmonica 173symphonies, the opera
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harmonium 175beats of music are con
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harpsichord 177notes outside that s
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Haydn, Franz Joseph 179Some of his
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hexachord 181baroque instrumental s
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homophony 183the ballets Nobilissim
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hurdy-gurdy (hûr′dē gûr′dē)
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Hz. 187Hypoaeolian (hī′′ pō
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190 impressionismimpressionism The
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192 inniglong orchestral works, not
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194 interpretationLUDE, def. 2. 3 A
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196 intonationIn other systems of t
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198 Italian overtureas - = notes)
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200 Jaques-Dalcroze, ÉmileJaques-D
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202 jazz bandfingering instruments,
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KK. 1 Also, K.V. An abbreviation fo
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key bugle 207than between two less
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Kodály, Zoltán 209The kithara con
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Ll. Also, L. An abbreviation for ei
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ledger lines 213rina, one of the tw
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lied 215bered chiefly for a single
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Liszt, Franz 217pitch, especially r
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lullaby 219may have been programmed
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lute 221originally have been made f
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lyric soprano 223Lyres were played
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226 madrigalstanzas of three lines
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228 mainmain (maN) pl. mains (maN)
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230 marching bandnearly always in d
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232 Massfamous masque, John Milton
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234 mechanical instruments3 In fift
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236 medleyNOTABLE MEDIEVAL MUSICIAN
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238 melody typeis the basis of rhyt
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240 mestoof tone is apparent in his
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242 MIDIbelow the treble staff and
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244 minor intervaland both left the
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246 modern musicmodern musicFROM 19
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248 Moravian musiccomposing and tea
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250 motiftrend was more toward chor
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252 mplearned the art of quartet wr
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254 musicologyled the audience in c
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256 mystical minimalismshaped piece
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258 naturalcould combine both folkl
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260 new age musicthe eleventh centu
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262 notes and restsuntil the mid-tw
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Oo 1 In scores, a sign placed over
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ode 267known composers to write pur
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opera 269op.Also, Op. An abbreviati
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opera 271SOME IMPORTANT OPERASTitle
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opéra-comique 279tury, with the ou
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opus 281SOME FAMOUS OPERETTASTitle
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orchestra 283SOME NOTABLE ORATORIOS
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orchestra 285II. Brasses (13 to 18)
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organ 287Shortly after World War I
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organ 289this family of pipes, amon
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organ Mass 291those of the baroque,
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ôtez 293ornaments, especially in k
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ovvero 295Scarlatti. This form, whi
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298 palletgreatest composers of chu
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300 parody MassMozart’s Ein Musik
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302 passecaillewell as to fill in t
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304 pastoralkind of pasticcio is as
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306 pedal organpedal organ The divi
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308 performance practicewhich usual
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310 Phrygianpitch, just as a play o
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312 pianoMUSIC FOR TWO PIANOSCompos
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314 piano duetpiano duet A piece fo
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316 pitch bendhave been internation
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318 polaccaA Polish dance, usu-pola
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320 portamentoon include BLUES, COU
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322 pousséremarkable gift for writ
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324 principal(first oboe, first flu
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326 proportionproportion In MENSURA
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328 pulsethat is outstanding. Arias
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330 quality, tonequality, toneSee T
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332 quotation, musicalmelody in one
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334 racket bassoonseventeenth centu
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336 rappresentativo, stileimprovise
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338 recitalrecital A public perform
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340 reelreel A lively dance for two
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342 related keycreated with a score
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344 RenaissanceIMPORTANT RENAISSANC
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346 repeatsecular vocal music was t
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348 restrest A silence or pause in
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350 ribibleribibleAnother name for
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352 rocklove ballads but deal also
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354 romanticismNarváez, Antonio de
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356 rounding the next fifteen years
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SS. 1 In choral music, an abbreviat
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Satie, Erik 361sansa (sän′sä).
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saxophone 363ferent sizes of saxhor
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scherzo 365later works he developed
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Schubert, Franz 367KLANGFARBENMELOD
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scoop 369Love and Life”) and Dich
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secondary dominant 371out separatel
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serenade 373best-known examples are
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service 375published in 1923), Erns
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shake 377teenth century), and James
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shofar 379board), seven string quar
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singing school 381sicilianosicilien
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sixty-fourth note British, hemidemi
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solmization 385himself, he took a c
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sonata 387players, the second playe
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song 389suite (see BINARY FORM). Th
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sonic environment 391NOTABLE SONG C
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chords (voice); (4) a solid body is
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spatial music 395neglected instrume
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sruti 397spirito, conSee SPIRITOSO.
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stem 399not the pitches but the ins
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stopping 401Stockhausen (shtok′ho
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stretta 403“Four Last Songs,” w
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string quartet 405string orchestra
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subject Also, theme. A melody, usua
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superius 409Couperin and Rameau. Th
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symphonic poem 411tures of both. A
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symphony 413invented the name (sinf
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symphony 415NOTABLE SYMPHONIES (176
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synthesizer 417first beat for the l
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TT 1 In choral music, an abbreviati
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tanbur 421talon, au (ō tA lôN′)
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Te Deum 423fingerboard (of violins,
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tenor clef 425most of the “errors
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theme and variations 427G A B C. Th
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Thomson, Virgil 429frets were too f
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timpani 431time signature A sign co
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tonality 433sections, used a few at
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transpose 435tonic accentSee under
Page 452 and 453: triangle 437son, for example, the f
Page 454 and 455: tritone 439and the bottom part is a
Page 456 and 457: troubadour 441In addition, at vario
Page 458 and 459: tuba 443all have piston valves but
Page 460 and 461: twentieth-century music—from 1900
Page 462 and 463: tyrolienne 447OTHER COMPOSERS FROM
Page 468 and 469: UÜbung (Y′boo nk) German. 1 An
Page 470 and 471: VV. 1 An abbreviation for VIOLIN. 2
Page 472 and 473: Verdi, Giuseppe 457his interest in
Page 474 and 475: Victoria, Tomás Luis de 459which a
Page 476 and 477: vina 461vihuela de arco (vē wā′
Page 478 and 479: viola d’amore 463great virtuoso,
Page 480 and 481: violin 465the tailpiece (the ordina
Page 482 and 483: Vitry, Philippe de 467important sch
Page 484 and 485: volume 469voice 1 Another term for
Page 486 and 487: WWagner (väg′nər), Richard (riK
Page 488 and 489: Weber, Carl Maria von 473appeal lie
Page 490 and 491: wind instruments 475eighth, etc.—
Page 492 and 493: Wuorinen, Charles 477bassoon are pl
Page 494 and 495: XYZXenakis (ze nak′əs), Iannis (
Page 496 and 497: Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe 481twenty-one
Page 498 and 499: INDEX OF COMPOSERSThis index direct
Page 500 and 501: Index of Composers 485Elgar, Edward
Page 504: Index of Composers 489Weill, Kurt 4
Page 507 and 508: 492 The Facts On File Dictionary of
Page 509 and 510: 494 The Facts On File Dictionary of
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