Dictionary of Music - Birding America

triangle 437son, for example, the first, second, and third horns(which normally play separate parts). 2 An indicationthat a composition or section is written for threevoice-parts, as in sonata a tre (“trio sonata”).treble 1 A high-pitched voice, either an adult’s(soprano, male alto) or a child’s. 2 In choral orinstrumental music with several voice-parts, thehighest voice-part. 3 In instruments that are made indifferent sizes, such as the recorder, the highestpitchedinstrument of the group.combination of bowed and fingered tremolo is indicatedin the same way as fingered tremolo but withoutthe slur (C in the example). 3 In wind instrumentsan effect like bowed tremolo can be achievedby flutter tonguing (see under TONGUING). A tremololike the fingered tremolo usually sounds the same asa trill. 4 On the piano an effect similar to fingeredtremolo is produced by the rapid alternation of twonotes, or even two intervals or chords. It is oftenindicated as shown under D in the accompanyingtreble clefSee under CLEF.fig. 243 p/u from p. 458tre cordeSee under CORDA.treibend (trī′bent) German. A direction to hurry,to perform as though being driven forward.tremolo (tre′mô lō) Italian: “trembling.” 1 Rapidrepetition of a single pitch or of two pitches alternately,producing a trembling effect. Produced on asingle pitch, tremolo differs from vibrato in that thetrembling is caused by rapid changes in volume(loud-soft) instead of slight changes in pitch (seeVIBRATO, def. 1). 2a Also, bowed tremolo. In bowedstringed instruments (violin, cellos, etc.), a singlenote is rapidly repeated by means of quick backand-forthstrokes of the bow. Performed by a groupof violins, as in the orchestra, such a tremolo has ahighly dramatic effect; one of the earliest uses ofviolin tremolo was in Monteverdi’s opera, II Combattimentodi Tancredi e Clorinda (1624), and it hasbeen used frequently ever since. In scores it is indicatedas shown under A in the accompanying example.If the tremolo is to be performed staccato, dotsare added under the notes; if portato is required, dotsand a slur are added (see STACCATO and PORTATO fordefinitions). 2b Also, fingered tremolo. In bowedstringed instruments (violins, etc.), the rapid alternationof two pitches, usually no more than a thirdapart (C and E, D and F, etc.). It is executed on a singlestring that is stopped at two different points; theeffect is smoother and less agitated than the bowedtremolo, instead resembling a fluttering effect, similarto a trill. In scores fingered tremolo is indicatedas shown under B in the accompanying example. Aexample. 5 In organs a special stop called the tremulant(or tremolo) produces an effect not of tremolobut of vibrato (see VIBRATO, def. 5). 6 In singing,tremolo is a slight wavering of pitch on a singlenote, similar to the vibrato of stringed instruments(see VIBRATO, def. 2). As in vibrato, the singer alternatesbetween slightly flat and slightly sharp intonationinstead of producing a single true pitch, but it isan exaggerated vibrato, the result of poor singing. Atrue tremolo—the quick repetition of a single note—is possible to produce but is seldom called for today;in early music, however, it was used fairly often.tremulant An organ stop that produces a vibrato.See VIBRATO, def. 5.trepak (tre päk′) Russian. A Russian dance in 2/4meter and lively tempo. Originating among the Cossacks,the trepak appears in a number of Russiancompositions, among them Mussorgsky’s song cycle,Songs and Dances of Death, and Tchaikovsky’spiano work, Invitation to the Trepak, op. 72, no. 18.très (tre) French: “very.” A word used in suchmusical terms as très lentement, very slowly.triad (trī′ad).under CHORD.A chord made up of two thirds; seetriangle A percussion instrument that consists ofa steel rod bent into the shape of a triangle and suspended(hung) from a string made of gut. It is played