Dictionary of Music - Birding America

32 barytonplaces. Together with his countryman, Zoltán Kodály,Bartók began to collect real folk music, first in Hungaryand then in Rumania, Slovakia, and other EastEuropean areas. This newly discovered music containednew rhythms, new harmonies, and even scalestotally different from those with which musicianswere generally familiar. When Bartók used some ofthese devices in his own compositions, in such traditionalmedia as the string quartet, he met oppositionand even ridicule. Gradually, however, the Hungarianscame to regard this type of music as their own andto consider Bartók a great national composer. In 1940Bartók came to the United States, where he spent theremaining few years of his life.Bartók wrote hundreds of compositions. Amongthe most important are his six string quartets andseveral violin sonatas; numerous piano works,including Mikrokosmos, a set of 153 pieces for children,ranging from very easy to quite difficult; manyorchestral works, including suites and rhapsodiesand a Concerto for Orchestra (but no symphonies);Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta; andthree stage works, the opera Bluebeard’s Castle, theballet The Wooden Prince, and the pantomime-balletThe Miraculous Mandarin.baryton 1 (bar′ i ton′′). An eighteenth-centurystringed instrument played with a bow and having sixor seven melody strings made of gut, and from eightto thirty or more sympathetic strings made of metal.A member of the VIOL family, it somewhat resemblesa long-necked tenor viol. The sympathetic stringssound (without being touched) when the melodystrings are bowed. The melody strings were usuallytuned A D F A D F (from low A to F above middleC), which is roughly the range of the baritone voice.The instrument’s neck is carved out under the fingerboard,so that the sympathetic strings can be pluckedby the player’s left thumb if desired to provide anaccompaniment to the tune played on the bowedstrings. A number of well-known composers wrotefig. 21 p/u from p. 34for the baryton, notably Haydn, whose patron, PrinceNicolaus Esterházy, was particularly fond of it andwho therefore wrote more than 175 pieces for it.Nevertheless, the instrument soon dropped out ofuse. 2 (bA rē tôN′). The French word for the baritonevoice and the baritone size of instrument (see BARI-TONE, defs. 1, 2). 3 (bA rē tôN′). The French name forthe BARITONE HORN (def. 1). 4 (bä′ rē tōn′′). The Germanword for the EUPHONIUM.Barytonhorn (bä′rē tōn horn′′).word for BARITONE HORN (def. 1).fig. 22 p/u from p. 34The Germanbass (bās). 1 The lowest range of male voice. Itsrange is roughly from low E (an octave and a halfbelow middle C) to middle C. In four-part choralmusic it is the lowest of the parts. Bass singers aresometimes classified according to the particularfig. 23 p/u from p. 35quality of their voices: basso profondo (deep bass),with a very low range and a powerful voice; bassocantante (singing bass), with a light, sweet quality;basso buffo (comic bass), a very agile voice wellsuited for comic roles in opera; bass-baritone, a