Dictionary of Music - Birding America

60 campanacampana (käm pä′nä). An Italian word for bell(see BELL, def. 1; CHIMES).campanella (käm′′pä nel′lä) Italian: “smallbell.” A term used both for actual bells and as thetitle of pieces in which the sound of bells occurs oris imitated. Examples include the last movement ofNiccolò Paganini’s Violin Concerto in B minor,called Rondo alla campanella, and a piano work byFranz Liszt based on Paganini’s rondo, called “LaCampanella.”campanelli (käm pä nel′lē).GLOCKENSPIEL.The Italian word forcanarie (kA nA rē′) French. A lively seventeenthcenturydance, named for the Canary Islands, whichwas occasionally used in operas and as a movementin instrumental suites by French, German, andEnglish composers. In 3/8 or 6/8 meter, the canarieis similar to the GIGUE but has a characteristic rhythmwith a dotted note occurring on each strong beat (asshown in the accompanying example).canon (kan′ən). A musical composition, or sectionof a composition, in which a melody in onevoice-part is imitated in one or more other voiceparts.Each part (except the first) enters before thepreceding part has finished the melody, so that themelody and its repetitions overlap. The most familiarkind of canon is the round, such as the children’ssongs “Three Blind Mice,” “Row, Row, Row YourBoat,” and “Frère Jacques.” This kind of canon isalso called a perpetual canon because each part,when it comes to the end of the melody, begins againand repeats the melody, over and over. Other typesof canon usually end with a short coda (concludingsection) in which all the voice-parts come together.The canon has been a popular form for hundredsof years. One of the oldest, “Sumer is icumen in,”dates from the thirteenth century. In the fourteenthcentury canonic imitation was used in the formscalled CACCIA and chace, and in the fifteenth centuryit was widely employed in Masses and motets. Inlater periods the problems of writing canons continuedto fascinate composers. Among the most famouscanons are those in Bach’s Goldberg Variations forharpsichord. Interest in the canon revived in thetwentieth century. Serial composers such as Schoenfig.49 p/u from p.63cancan (English kan′kan′′; French käN käN′)French: “gossip” or “scandal.” A nineteenth-centurydance, generally performed in music halls andnightclubs. The cancan’s music, in 2/4 meter, isbased on another dance, the quadrille. The cancanwas considered extremely daring because it involvedvery high kicks by the dancers (all women). Thebest-known example of the cancan occurs in Offenbach’soperatta Orphée aux enfers (“Orpheus inthe Underworld,” 1858). The musical Can-Can(1953) by Cole Porter recounts how the dance waslegitimized in Paris.cancel The use of a natural sign to counter aprevious accidental; see under ACCIDENTALS.canción (kän thyôn′, kän syôn′) pl. cancionesSpanish. 1 In the fifteenth century, a particulartype of poem that was often set to music. It was similarto the contemporary villancico (see VILLANCICO,def. 2) except that it had a more regular rhymescheme, and the musical meter was always made toconform to the poetic meter. 2 In modern Spanish, asong of any type.cancionero (kän′′thyô ner′ rō, kän′′ syô ner′ ō)Spanish. 1 Originally, from the fifteenth century, acollection of poems without music, whether or notthey were intended to be sung. 2 Also, a fifteenthcenturybook of polyphonic songs (songs with severalvoice-parts) with music, similar to the Frenchchansonnier. For example, the Cancionero musicalde Palacio (c. 1500) contains more than 450 songs.Most are villancicos similar to the Italian frottola,that is, short, for three or four voice-parts, mostlychordal in style, with the main melody in the topvoice. In addition, it contains a number of romances,long narrative poems with many stanzas, each ofwhich is sung to the same music. 3 In modern Spanish,a collection of folk songs.