Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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Temperatures in Alpine Rock Walls During the Warm Winter 2006–2007 in Austriaand Its Significance for Mountain Permafrost: Preliminary ResultsAndreas Kellerer-PirklbauerInstitute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, AustriaMichael AvianInstitute of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Graz University of Technology, AustriaGerhard Karl Lieb, Matthias RieckhInstitute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, AustriaIntroductionIn a large part of Europe temperatures during autumnand winter 2006–2007 reached a record high. The autumnof 2006 (Sept., Oct., and Nov.) was more than 3°C warmerfrom the northern side of the Alps to southern Norwayif compared to the 1971–2000 average (WMO 2007).The extreme temperature anomaly also affected the highmountains of Austria and caused record temperature valuesat the Sonnblick Observatory located in the high mountainsof central Austria (3106 m a.s.l., 47°03′N, 12°57′E; cf.Fig. 1). At this observatory, the period September 2006to June 2007 was substantially warmer than the average.Deviations from the mean monthly values of the normalperiod 1961–1990 are in the range of +2.6°C (Nov. 2006)and +4.9°C (April 2007) with a mean value of +3.2°C forthis 10-month period (ZAMG 2007). Comparable extremeatmospheric temperature anomalies are reported to affectnear-surface permafrost conditions to depths exceeding 10 m(Isaksen et al. 2007). In particular, monitoring temperaturechanges in bedrock gives a good indication for the effectsof air temperature anomalies on ground thermal conditions(Smith & Riseborough 1996). For this reason, continuoustemperature measurements in alpine rock walls for monitoringthe effects of climate change on bedrock temperatures(including permafrost) in central and eastern Austria wereinitiated in summer 2006 within the project ALPCHANGE.Measurements at 9 rock wall sites (RWS) distributed over 5study areas (SAs) recorded the exceptionally warm 9-monthperiod from 01.10.2006 to 30.06.2007. Preliminary resultsare presented here.Study Areas and InstrumentationFour of the 5 SAs are located in the Hohe Tauern Range,where the highest mountains of Austria reach almost 3800m a.s.l. At each of the 4 SAs (Dösen Valley, HintereggenValley, Hinteres Langtal Cirque, and Pasterze Glacier; Fig.1, Table 1), 2 RWS with opposed aspects were instrumentedwith 3 temperature sensors for each rock wall. The fifth SAis located in the eastern part of the Niedere Tauern Range(Hochreichart Cirque), where only one north-facing rockwall at an elevation of 1960 m a.s.l. was instrumented. The9 RWS are located at elevations between 2220 and 2775 ma.s.l. (3 of them are probably affected by permafrost). All 9RWS were drilled in different metamorphic bedrock types(Table 1).To measure bedrock temperatures, 16 mm wide boreholeswere drilled at each site 40 cm horizontally into the bedrockby using HILTI drilling equipment connected to an externalpower set. Due to technical problems, the boreholes at thesites DOV-A, HEV-A, and HEV-B (Table 1) did not reachthe intended 40 cm depth. To measure near rock surfacetemperature, a sensor was installed at 3 cm. The other sensorswere installed at depths of 10 and 40 cm (slightly less at the3 RWS mentioned above) as suggested by Matsuoka (1994).At all RWS, the measurements were recorded every 30minutes on three-channel miniature temperature dataloggers/MTLs (M-Log6, Ge oPr e c i s i o n). All datasets cover at leastthe period 01.10.2006 to 30.06.2007. The three sensors areFigure 1. Locations of the 5 study areas in Austria and the SonnblickObservatory. For abbreviations refer to Table 1.Table 1. Characteristics of the 9 alpine rock wall sites, wheretemperature is monitored since summer/early autumn 2006.SA=study area (DOV=Dösen Valley, HEV=Hintereggen Valley,HLC=Hinteres Langtal Cirque, HRC=Hochreichart Cirque,PAG=supraglacial slopes flanking the tongue of PasterzeGlacier); RWS=rock wall site; Bedrock types: GGN=graniticgneiss, AGN=augengneiss, MS=mica schist, GN=Gneiss, CMS=calcareous mica schist; Depths=depths of sensors in borehole.SA RWS Lat. Long.Alt. Bed- DepthsAspect(m asl) rock. (cm)DOV DOV-A 46°59′N 13°17′E 2630 S GGN 3,10,32DOV-B 1 46°59′N 13°17′E 2640 N GGN 3,10,40HEV HEV-A 46°55′N 13°23′E 2505 W AGN 3,10,30HEV-B 1 46°55′N 13°23′E 2530 E AGN 3,10,30HLC HLC-A 46°59′N 12°47′E 2725 SW MS 3,10,40HLC-B 1 46°59′N 12°47′E 2700 NE MS 3,10,40HRC HRC-A 47°22′N 14°41′E 1960 N GN 3,10 2 ,40 2PAG PAG-A 47°05′N 12°44′E 2220 SW CMS 3,10,40PAG-B 47°05′N 12°44′E 2250 NE CMS 3,10,401probably with permafrost occurrence (Lieb 1998)2sensor that partly malfunctioned (no data presented in Table 2)131
Ni n t h In t e r n at i o n a l Co n f e r e n c e o n Pe r m a f r o s tof the PT1000 type with—according to Ge oPr e c i s i o n—anaccuracy of +/- 0.05°C, a measurement range between -40and +100°C and a very high long-term stability (calibrationdrift 2640 m a.s.l.).Such conditions have been recorded at HLC-B and DOV-B,where the long-lying snow cover (established around endof November/beginning of December) protected the frozenrock wall from the warm atmospheric conditions duringwinter and spring.One might conclude that, based on our data, only ratherextreme RWS revealed temperatures during the studied9-month period 01.10.2006 to 30.06.2007 favorable forpermafrost conditions and preservation. Thus, it can beassumed that permafrost regions in central and easternAustria, with a minor winter and spring snow cover in2006–2007, experienced very unfavorable conditions. Thecontinuation of our measurements will reveal more detailson the significance of this winter over a longer time span.AcknowledgmentsThis study was carried out within the framework of theproject ALPCHANGE (www.alpchange.at) financed by theAustrian Science Fund (FWF).ReferencesIsaksen, K., Benestad, R.E., Harris, C. & Sollid, J.L. 2007.Recent extreme near-surface permafrost temperatureson Svalbard in relation to future climate scenarios.Geophysical Research Letters 34: L17502.Lieb, G.K. 1998. High-mountain permafrost in theAustrian Alps (Europe). Proceedings of the Seventh<strong>International</strong> Permafrost <strong>Conference</strong>, Yellowknife,Canada, June 23–27, 1998: 663-668.Matsuoka, N. 1994. Diurnal freeze-thaw depth in rock walls:field measurements and theoretical considerations.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 423-435.Smith, M.W. & Riseborough, D.W. 1996. Permafrostmonitoring and detection of climate change.Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 7: 301-309.WMO 2007. A warm autumn and winter in Europe.Newsletter of the World Meteorological Organization2007/No. 1: 3.ZAMG 2007. Present climate data from stations in Austria.http://www.zamg.ac.at (accessed 01.11.2007).
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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Satellite Observations of Frozen Gr
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xiiIce Wedge Thermal Regime in Nort
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xivPermafrost Response to Dynamics
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NICOP SponsorsUniversitiesUniversit
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Deep Permafrost Studies at the Lupi
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Effect of Fire on Pond Dynamics in
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Cryological Status of Russian Soils
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Acoustical Surveys of Methane Plume
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Permafrost Delineation Near Fairban
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Preparatory Work for a Permanent Ge
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A Provisional Soil Map of the Trans
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Martian Permafrost Depths from Orbi
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Time Series Analyses of Active Micr
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Impact of Permafrost Degradation on
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DC Resistivity Soundings Across a P
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Modeling Thermal and Moisture Regim
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A Provisional Permafrost Map of the
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Alpine Permafrost Distribution at M
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Cryogenic Formations of the Caucasu
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Modeling Potential Climatic Change
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A Hypothesis: A Condition of Growth
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Modeled Continual Surface Water Sto
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Freeze/Thaw Properties of Tundra So
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Discontinuous Permafrost Distributi
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Thermal Regime Within an Arctic Was
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Seasonal and Interannual Variabilit
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Twelve-Year Thaw Progression Data f
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Continued Permafrost Warming in Nor
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Landsliding Following Forest Fire o
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A Permafrost Model Incorporating Dy
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Seasonal Sources of Soil Respiratio
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Greenland Permafrost Temperature Si
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The Importance of Snow Cover Evolut
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The Account of Long-Term Air Temper
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The Combined Isotopic Analysis of L
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Adaptating and Managing Nunavik’s
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Human Experience of Cryospheric Cha
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HiRISE Observations of Fractured Mo
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A Soil Freeze-Thaw Model Through th
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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First Results of Ground Surface Tem
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Historical Changes in the Seasonall
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Rock Glaciers in the Kåfjord Area,
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Snowpack Evolution on Permafrost, N
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