Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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Temperatures of Upper Permafrost in Northern West SiberiaAnna N. Kurchatova, Alexander V. BoytsovTymen State Oil and Gas University, RussiaAlexei B. Osokin, Gregory K. SmolovGas Company “Nadymgasprom,” RussiaIntroductionA monitoring net of permafrost observatories wasestablished in 2004 by the Subarctic Centre (Tyumen StateOil and Gas University) and “Nadymgasprom” Company inNorthern West Siberia. The southern part of the submeridiantransect is located in continental territory between Nadymand Pur Rivers (Medvezhye and Yubileinoe gas fields); thenorthern end is situated on Yamal Peninsula (Kharasavayand Bovanenkovo gas-condensate fields). The observationalsites are located on the main geomorphological levels of theterritory and are presented by different landscapes. Boreholes(from 1 to 3 at observatory, up to 30 m depth) are equippedby automatic systems for temperature measurements madeby “GEOTECHCENTRE,” Russia. Measurements aretaken every 6 hours at the 15s levels. At Bovanenkovo gascondensatefield (Yamal), a soil-climate station (by CampbellScientific Ltd.) was established in 2006 for registration ofstandard meteorological parameters and the temperaturemoistureregime of the active layer. On the territory ofYubileynoe gas field, 4 CALM sites were created for longtermdynamics of the active layer. The first results of thesemeasurements are presented in this report.Permafrost TemperaturesAnalyses of meteorological data in West Siberia show ageneral increase in mean annual air temperature for about 30years mainly due to decreasing of the temperature sum of thewinter period. The first publications about the tendency ofpermafrost warming within the layer of the annual amplitudesappeared in the early 1990s. Long-term research at thegeocryological stations in West Siberia (Marre-Sale – Pavlov1994, and Nadym – Pavlov & Moskalenko 2002) shows thewarming tendency of the frozen ground temperature duringthe last decades. For the last years, relative stability of theannual air temperature is accompanied by an increase inthe positive temperature sum that can lead to melting ofthe ice-bearing permafrost table. And as a result, activity ofcryogenic processes or local degradation of frozen groundfrom the top down at the drained sites in the southerncryolithozone can occur.Observatories located at weakly drained watersheds ofhigh geomorphological levels composed of mineral soilsare the most representative for understanding permafrost’sreaction to climate change. Zonal landscapes along thesubmeridian transect are changed from northern forest totundra. Local factors can play a main role in the groundtemperature regime: In depressions, a formation of snowcover occurs mainly due to the strong wind influence; thehigh ice content and moss cover provide thermal stability forthe frozen peatlands in summer.The temperature ground regime of the boreholes showsrelative stability in different zonal landscapes (Fig. 1A). Inthe southern cryolithozone, taliks with deep permafrost tableare widespread even within watersheds. The first resultsshow that the depth of zero annual amplitude at these sites isabout 15 m despite water-saturated sands in the upper part ofthe soil section. On Yamal Peninsula at the sites composedby clayish sediments, the annual thermal turnover reaches≈10 m depth, explained by low temperature of freezing andlow thermal conductivity of saline marine sediments andwidespread cryopegs there. However, at the sandy denudedareas at the high marine terraces, the depth of zero annualamplitude can reach 20 m.The mosaic landscape structure of forest-tundra has resultedin the high dynamics of the thermal ground state (Fig. 1B,C, D). Sparse growth of larches with dense shrubs is a clearindicator of taliks because of higher snow accumulation (1m depth and more, I-1; 0.3–0.4 m at the peat bogs, I-2). Thezero-temperature regime of the high river terraces has beenkept by the warm input of melting snow water and the firstliquid precipitation down into the dry frozen sands up to 3–5m depth despite deep freezing during winter (I-3).Disturbances of the soil surface (fires and construction)are a more common cause of ground temperature change,and especially of an increase in active layer depth. Thesubstantial increase in the mean annual soil temperature atthe base of the active layer within polygonal peatland wascaused by a fire and destruction of the moss-lichen coverafter the anomalous high air temperature in July 2007 (Fig.1B, I-2). However, the disappearance of insulating mosscover can also result in fast freezing of the active layer in thebeginning of winter, and then to the substantial decrease insoil temperature. We observed the formation of a new frostcrackingsystem at the other site after a similar fire in 2005.AcknowledgmentsFunding for the research was provided by the INTASInfrastructure Action (Ref. Nr. 04-87-689) and Tyumenregional grants. We are grateful to the leaders of“Nadymgasprom” Company for the support of drilling andfieldwork, and to Drs. V. Romanovsky and N. Shiklomanovfor equipment and assistance in the creation of CALMsites.159
Ni n t h In t e r n at i o n a l Co n f e r e n c e o n Pe r m a f r o s tFigure 1. A: Mean annual (black line) and month (gray line) ground temperatures in Northern West Siberia; B: Changes in the mean annualground temperatures at observatory I (Yubileynoe gas field) in 2006–2007; C: Mean daily air temperature at Novy Urengoy for 07.2006–07.2007; D: Active layer dynamics at observatory I in the different landscapes.Lithology: 1-sand; 2-silty sand; 3-sandy-loam; 4-loam; 5-silt; 6-clay; 7-pebbles; 8-clayish fragments; 9-wooden remnants; 10-allochtonouspeat; 11-carbonized organic debris. Cryostructure: 12-massive; 13-ice agglomerate; 14-layered; 15-reticulate; 16-vertical veins; 17-reticulate-blocky; 18-ice wedge; 19-water saturated soils.ReferencesPavlov, A.V. 1994. Current changes of climate and permafrostin the Arctic and Sub-Arctic of Russia. Permafrostand Periglacial Processes 5: 101-110.Pavlov, A.V. & Moskalenko, N.G. 2002. The thermal regimeof soils in the north of Western Siberia. Permafrostand Periglacial Processes 13: 43-51.160
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NICOP 2008 Ninth <
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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Satellite Observations of Frozen Gr
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xiiIce Wedge Thermal Regime in Nort
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xivPermafrost Response to Dynamics
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NICOP SponsorsUniversitiesUniversit
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Deep Permafrost Studies at the Lupi
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Effect of Fire on Pond Dynamics in
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Cryological Status of Russian Soils
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Acoustical Surveys of Methane Plume
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Permafrost Delineation Near Fairban
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Preparatory Work for a Permanent Ge
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A Provisional Soil Map of the Trans
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Martian Permafrost Depths from Orbi
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Time Series Analyses of Active Micr
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Impact of Permafrost Degradation on
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DC Resistivity Soundings Across a P
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Modeling Thermal and Moisture Regim
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A Provisional Permafrost Map of the
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Alpine Permafrost Distribution at M
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Cryogenic Formations of the Caucasu
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Modeling Potential Climatic Change
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A Hypothesis: A Condition of Growth
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Modeled Continual Surface Water Sto
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Freeze/Thaw Properties of Tundra So
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Discontinuous Permafrost Distributi
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Thermal Regime Within an Arctic Was
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Seasonal and Interannual Variabilit
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Twelve-Year Thaw Progression Data f
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Continued Permafrost Warming in Nor
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Landsliding Following Forest Fire o
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A Permafrost Model Incorporating Dy
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Seasonal Sources of Soil Respiratio
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Greenland Permafrost Temperature Si
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The Importance of Snow Cover Evolut
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The Account of Long-Term Air Temper
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The Combined Isotopic Analysis of L
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Adaptating and Managing Nunavik’s
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Human Experience of Cryospheric Cha
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HiRISE Observations of Fractured Mo
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A Soil Freeze-Thaw Model Through th
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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First Results of Ground Surface Tem
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Historical Changes in the Seasonall
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Rock Glaciers in the Kåfjord Area,
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Snowpack Evolution on Permafrost, N
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Climate Change in Permafrost Region
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Maximizing Construction Season in a
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Pleistocene Sand-Wedge, Composite-W
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370Huang, B. 339Hugelius, G. 105, 1
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Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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