Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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Coastal Erosion Since 1950 Along the Southeast Chukchi Sea, Alaska, Based onBoth GIS and Field MeasurementsWilliam F. ManleyINSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450James W. JordanAntioch University New England, Dept. of Environmental Studies, Keene, NH 03431Leanne R. LestakINSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450Owen K. MasonGeoarch Alaska, P.O. Box 91554, Anchorage, AK 99509Eric G. ParrishINSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450Diane M. SanzoneBP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Anchorage, AK 99519Coastal environments at high latitudes are experiencingrapid change (e.g., Solomon 2005, Jorgenson & Brown2005, Mars & Houseknecht 2007). Coastal erosion threatensa variety of nearshore marine, terrestrial, and freshwaterhabitats, and may be accelerating with Arctic warming. Tobetter understand impacts for national parks in northwesternAlaska, a collaborative study has begun to document coastalchange in the southeast Chukchi Sea.A field-based component includes repeat photography,mapping and description of sediments and landforms, andperiodic ground-truth measurements of shoreline changesince 1987 at 27 coastal monitoring sites. A geospatialcomponent began with creation of digital orthoimagery overa large area (>6000 km 2 ) at high resolution (1.0 m or better)Figure 1. Bluff accretion and erosion near coastal monitoring stations during the “Early” period, from approx. 1950 to approx. 1980 (dependingon air photo acquisition dates), in m/yr.199
Ni n t h In t e r n at i o n a l Co n f e r e n c e o n Pe r m a f r o s tFigure 2. Bluff accretion and erosion during the “Late” period from approx. 1980 to 2003, in m/yr.for three “timeslices”: approx. 1950, approx. 1980, and 2003(Manley et al. 2007). Spatial analysis of bluff retreat wasconducted for selected areas near the monitoring sites usingthe USGS DSAS extension to ArcGIS (Thieler et al. 2005).Results indicate that the GIS-based measurements haveacceptably low errors (+/- 0.1 m/yr or better).Transects with 20 m spacing reveal high spatial variabilityrelated to coastal morphologies and processes (Figs. 1, 2).A comparison of the two time intervals suggests temporalvariability also. For example, bluff erosion rates appear tohave decreased after 1980 for the north-facing coast of BeringLand Bridge National Park (BELA), while increasing after1980 for the west-facing coast of Cape Krusenstern NationalMonument (CAKR). In general, most of the >600 km-longcoast from Wales to Kivalina has experienced erosion in thepast five decades, with long-term average rates of 0 to -3 m/yr. Direct impacts include beach and bluff retreat, overwashdeposition, migration or closure of inlets and lagoons, captureof thaw-lake basins, and release of sediment and organiccarbon to nearshore waters. Higher temporal resolution isneeded, but the coastal ecosystems in the region appear tobe sensitive to the frequency and intensity of storm events,increasing temperatures, permafrost melting, sea-level rise,and the increasing length of the summer ice-free season.ReferencesJorgenson, M.T. & Brown, J. 2005. Classification of theAlaskan Beaufort Sea Coast and estimation of carbonand sediment inputs from coastal erosion. GeomarineLetters 25: 69-80.Manley, W.F., Parrish, E.G., Sanzone, D.M. & Lestak, L.R.2007. High-Resolution Orthorectified Imagery forthe Coastal Areas of Bering Land Bridge NP (BELA)and Cape Krusenstern NM (CAKR). NorthwestAlaska, Fairbanks, AK: National Park Service, ArcticNetwork I & M Program. Digital Media.Mars, J.C. & Houseknecht, D.W. 2007. Quantitative remotesensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosionin past 50 yr along a segment of the Arctic coast ofAlaska. Geology 35: 583-586.Solomon, S.M. 2005. Spatial and temporal variability ofshoreline change in the Beaufort-Mackenzie region,northwest territories, Canada. Geomarine Letters 25:127-137.Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L. & Miller,T.L. 2005. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)version 3.0: An ArcGIS extension for calculatingshoreline change. U.S. Geological Survey Open-fileReport 2005-1304.200
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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Satellite Observations of Frozen Gr
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xiiIce Wedge Thermal Regime in Nort
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xivPermafrost Response to Dynamics
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xvi
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NICOP SponsorsUniversitiesUniversit
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Deep Permafrost Studies at the Lupi
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Effect of Fire on Pond Dynamics in
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Cryological Status of Russian Soils
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Acoustical Surveys of Methane Plume
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Permafrost Delineation Near Fairban
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Preparatory Work for a Permanent Ge
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A Provisional Soil Map of the Trans
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Martian Permafrost Depths from Orbi
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Time Series Analyses of Active Micr
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Impact of Permafrost Degradation on
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DC Resistivity Soundings Across a P
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Modeling Thermal and Moisture Regim
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A Provisional Permafrost Map of the
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Alpine Permafrost Distribution at M
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Cryogenic Formations of the Caucasu
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Modeling Potential Climatic Change
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A Hypothesis: A Condition of Growth
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Modeled Continual Surface Water Sto
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Freeze/Thaw Properties of Tundra So
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Discontinuous Permafrost Distributi
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Thermal Regime Within an Arctic Was
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Seasonal and Interannual Variabilit
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Twelve-Year Thaw Progression Data f
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Continued Permafrost Warming in Nor
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Landsliding Following Forest Fire o
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A Permafrost Model Incorporating Dy
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Seasonal Sources of Soil Respiratio
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Greenland Permafrost Temperature Si
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The Importance of Snow Cover Evolut
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The Account of Long-Term Air Temper
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The Combined Isotopic Analysis of L
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Adaptating and Managing Nunavik’s
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Human Experience of Cryospheric Cha
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HiRISE Observations of Fractured Mo
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A Soil Freeze-Thaw Model Through th
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Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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First Results of Ground Surface Tem
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Historical Changes in the Seasonall
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Rock Glaciers in the Kåfjord Area,
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Snowpack Evolution on Permafrost, N
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Climate Change in Permafrost Region
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Maximizing Construction Season in a
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Pleistocene Sand-Wedge, Composite-W
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