Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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A Permafrost Model Incorporating Dynamic Variable Soil Depth and PropertiesRichard CoppellSchool of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKMet Office – Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Exeter, UKSergey VenevskySchool of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKMet Office – Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Exeter, UKIntroductionRecent dynamic global vegetation models, for example,LPG, SEVER (Sitch et al. 2003, Venevsky & Maksyutov2007), and land surface schemes, for example, IMOGEN,MOSES (Cox et al. 1999), have deficiencies in theirrepresentations of thermal and hydrological dynamics inthe permafrost zone. These deficiencies are related to thefollowing:(a) Inadequate representation of thaw/freeze processes(absence of frozen soil water fraction). This relates todiffering thermal conduction regimes between frozen (highconduction) and unfrozen (lower conduction) surface layersthat experience thawing and freezing, particularly seasonally(see French 2007).(b) Absence of the upper soil organic layer (moss/lichen). Distinctions may be made between thermal andhydrological properties of moss-dominated and lichendominatedsoils (Beringer et al. 2001), also modified by theinfluence of sedges (Usowicza et al. 2006).(c) Inadequate parameterisation of soil properties. Thenumber of types of soils represented within models may beexpanded to test if this is also a sensitive parameter.MethodsPermafrost data (Brown 1998, <strong>International</strong> PermafrostAssociation Standing Committee on Data Information andCommunication [comp.] 1998, 2003) is being comparedwith representations in SEVER, considering active layerdepth, seasonal variation, time precision, temperatureprofile, soil moisture profile, and physical and biological soilconstituents.Peatland soil profiles and vegetation cover develop overperiods of thousands of years, and a MATLAB modelreproducing this based on Frolking et al. (2001) is also beingassessed.This will provide the opportunity to create a dynamic soiland vegetation representation within SEVER in place ofmore static representations of peatland and soil types.AcknowledgmentsRichard Coppell is in receipt of UK NERC scholarship NE/F008341/1 with CASE funding from the Hadley Centre.ReferencesBeringer, J., Lynch, A.H., Chapin, F.S., Mack, M. & Bonan,G.B. 2001. The representation of Arctic soils in theland surface model: The importance of mosses. J.Climate 14(15): 3324-3335.Brown, J. 1998. Circumpolar Active-Layer Monitoring(CALM) Program: Description and data. In: M.Parsons & T. Zhang (eds.), Circumpolar Active-Layer Permafrost System, version 2.0. <strong>International</strong>Permafrost Association Standing Committee onData Information and Communication. Boulder,CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World DataCenter for Glaciology.Cox, P.M., Betts, R.A., Bunton, C.B., Essery, R.L.H.,Rowntree, P.R. & Smith, J. 1999. The impact ofnew land surface physics on the GCM simulation ofclimate and climate sensitivity. Climate Dynamics15(3): 183-203.French, H.M. 2007. The Periglacial Environment. Chichester,UK: Wiley, 478 pp.Frolking, S., Roulet, N.T., Moore, T.R., Richard, P.J.H.,Lavoie, M. & Muller, S.D. 2001. Modeling northernpeatland decomposition and peat accumulation.Ecosystems 4(5): 479-498.<strong>International</strong> Permafrost Association Standing Committeeon Data Information and Communication (comp.).1998. Circumpolar Active-Layer Permafrost System,Version 1.0. Edited by J. Branson, J. Brown & M.O.Leibman. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice DataCenter/World Data Center for Glaciology. CD-ROM.<strong>International</strong> Permafrost Association Standing Committeeon Data Information and Communication (comp.).2003. Circumpolar Active-Layer Permafrost System,Version 2.0. Edited by M. Parsons & T. Zhang.Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. CD-ROM.MacDonald, G.M., Beilman, D.W., Kremenetski, K.V.,Sheng, Y., Smith, L.C. & Velichko, A.A. 2006.Rapid early development of circumarctic peatlandsand atmospheric CH 4and CO 2Variations. Science314(5797): 285-288.Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I.C., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A.,Cramer, W., Kaplan, J.O., Levis, S., Lucht, W., Sykes,M.T., Thonicke, K. & Venevsky, S. 2003. Evaluationof ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrialcarbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetationmode. Global Change Biology 9: 161-185.51
Ni n t h In t e r n at i o n a l Co n f e r e n c e o n Pe r m a f r o s tUsowicza, B., Lipieca, J., Marczewskib, W. & Ferreroc, A.2006. Thermal conductivity modelling of terrestrialsoil media: A comparative study. Planetary and SpaceScience 54: 1086-1095.Venevsky, S. & Maksyutov, S. 2007. SEVER: A modificationof the LPJ global dynamic vegetation model for dailytime step and parallel computation. EnvironmentalModelling and Software 22: 104-109.52
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ContentsPreface ...................
Page 8 and 9:
Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
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Satellite Observations of Frozen Gr
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xiiIce Wedge Thermal Regime in Nort
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xivPermafrost Response to Dynamics
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xvi
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NICOP SponsorsUniversitiesUniversit
Page 22 and 23: Deep Permafrost Studies at the Lupi
Page 24 and 25: Effect of Fire on Pond Dynamics in
Page 26 and 27: Cryological Status of Russian Soils
Page 28 and 29: Acoustical Surveys of Methane Plume
Page 30 and 31: Permafrost Delineation Near Fairban
Page 32 and 33: Preparatory Work for a Permanent Ge
Page 34 and 35: A Provisional Soil Map of the Trans
Page 36 and 37: Martian Permafrost Depths from Orbi
Page 38 and 39: Time Series Analyses of Active Micr
Page 40 and 41: Impact of Permafrost Degradation on
Page 42 and 43: DC Resistivity Soundings Across a P
Page 44 and 45: Modeling Thermal and Moisture Regim
Page 46 and 47: A Provisional Permafrost Map of the
Page 48 and 49: Alpine Permafrost Distribution at M
Page 50 and 51: Cryogenic Formations of the Caucasu
Page 52 and 53: Modeling Potential Climatic Change
Page 54 and 55: A Hypothesis: A Condition of Growth
Page 56 and 57: Modeled Continual Surface Water Sto
Page 58 and 59: Freeze/Thaw Properties of Tundra So
Page 60 and 61: Discontinuous Permafrost Distributi
Page 62 and 63: Thermal Regime Within an Arctic Was
Page 64 and 65: Seasonal and Interannual Variabilit
Page 66 and 67: Twelve-Year Thaw Progression Data f
Page 68 and 69: Continued Permafrost Warming in Nor
Page 70 and 71: Landsliding Following Forest Fire o
Page 74 and 75: Seasonal Sources of Soil Respiratio
Page 76 and 77: Greenland Permafrost Temperature Si
Page 78 and 79: The Importance of Snow Cover Evolut
Page 80 and 81: The Account of Long-Term Air Temper
Page 82 and 83: The Combined Isotopic Analysis of L
Page 84 and 85: Adaptating and Managing Nunavik’s
Page 86 and 87: Human Experience of Cryospheric Cha
Page 88 and 89: HiRISE Observations of Fractured Mo
Page 90 and 91: A Soil Freeze-Thaw Model Through th
Page 92 and 93: Mapping and Modeling the Distributi
Page 94 and 95: First Results of Ground Surface Tem
Page 96 and 97: Historical Changes in the Seasonall
Page 98 and 99: Rock Glaciers in the Kåfjord Area,
Page 100 and 101: Snowpack Evolution on Permafrost, N
Page 102 and 103: Climate Change in Permafrost Region
Page 104 and 105: Maximizing Construction Season in a
Page 106 and 107: Pleistocene Sand-Wedge, Composite-W
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Ninth International Conference on Permafrost ... - IARC Research

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