Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern EuropeFormerYugoslavRepublic ofMacedoniaAccording to the police, in 1995-2001, 147 persons were arrested for trafficking.According to the Public Prosecutor Office, there were 80 cases of prosecutionof traffickers in 1997-2000. Until now, only 30 cases have beencompleted; one person received five years in prison, the rest were fined andparoled. Four cases were dismissed and 47 cases are still pending. 122The most commonly used articles in prosecuting cases of trafficking have beenthose on illegal crossing the border, mediation in performing prostitution, andpimping and enabling of sexual acts. As in other countries of the former Yugoslavia,the article on slavery has rarely been used for the prosecution of traffickers.In 2000, however, for the first time criminal charges were filledagainst eight persons under the slavery Article 418. 123The new article on trafficking has been drafted (Art. 418a) by the InterdisciplinaryCommittee appointed by the Ministry of Justice, and submitted to theParliament. Approval is now awaited.2. Current responses2.1. National Action Plan and coordinationOSCE has been co-ordinating round tables on trafficking since August 2000,with government, international and local NGO participation. The round tableshave covered four policy areas: prevention; legal policy; victim assistance;and security. However, the groups’ meetings have been suspended sinceMarch 2001 because of the conflict in western FYR Macedonia. The only workto continue has been co-operation between the government and IOM to providedirect assistance to trafficked women.At the beginning of 2001, the government appointed a National Council onTrafficking and Illegal Migration to develop a National Plan of Action on Trafficking.The Minister of the Interior was appointed as the National Co-ordinator,and the NPA has been drafted, to be finalised before the end of 2001.2.2. Roles of international organisations and NGOsPrior to the conflict in March 2001, the main push for anti-trafficking actioncame from the international organisations, chiefly IOM and OSCE. The internationalagencies have also organised and supported activities on preventionand raising awareness. The government, however, was very interested in takingaction on trafficking. The government actively participated in the StabilityPact Trafficking Task Force and was planning to host a Task Force meeting inApril 2001 that was cancelled due to the conflict. The Government has alsoparticipated in and supported actions undertaken by IOM.Until recently local NGOs were not interested in anti-trafficking activities. Theyworked on the broader issues of violence against women, changes in legislationand women’s rights. The exception was the Association of MacedonianWomen (AMW). This organisation had already started to work on trafficking in1999, organising seminars and training, and co-operating with IOM to providesupport and expertise. Currently AMW is not involved in any anti-traffickingprojects. A new organisation in the field is La Strada Macedonia, which cooperatesclosely with the La Strada Bulgaria and HOPS (Healthy Options110121.Criminal Code of FYR Macedonia, Official Gazette No 52, 1991, after: Human Trafficking,the Crime Business with Slavery Image, IOM, Skopje, 2001, p. 29-37.122.Interview with representatives of the Public Prosecutor Office and the Ministry of theInterior, Skopje, 7 November 2001.123.Interview with representatives of the Public Prosecutor Office, Skopje, 7 November 2001.
Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern EuropeProject) in HIV/AIDS prevention work. Generally NGOs are weak and lack thesupport and expertise necessary to develop bigger projects.2.3. Prevention and raising awarenessThe government, international organisations and NGOs have undertaken anumber of activities on prevention and to raise awareness. Most of these havebeen based on experiences and information from other countries in theregion, rather than on research and assessment of the situation in FYR Macedonia.There is little or no evaluation of the effectiveness or impact of campaignsto raise awareness beyond a general assessment of knowledge of theexistence of trafficking.FormerYugoslavRepublic ofMacedoniaActivities to raise awareness organised by the Ombudsperson for Childrenhave included:• Information pamphlet on Child Rights which includes information ontrafficking;• Round tables on domestic violence and child abuse organised withinthe framework of preparations for the Second World Congress againstCommercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Yokohama in December2001. The work was divided into three working groups: policy andlegislation; identification and assessment; and access to support/community based services.The Ministry of Labour and Social Policy’s Unit for Development of GenderEquality has developed a National Plan of Action for Gender Equality, whichincludes anti-trafficking provisions.UNICEF has developed activities for the children who are potential victims oftrafficking:• Trauma awareness training for professionals who come in contact withthe victims of trafficking;• Child rights training for professionals carried out by NGO representativestrained in child rights;• Education for children and young people on the dangers of sexualexploitation including the risk of HIV/AIDS and STIs;• Lectures from the police for young people at schools and youth centres;• Public information campaign including information for young people,posters, leaflets, stickers, TV spots.IOM activities included raising of awareness, NGO capacity building and information:• Campaign to raise awareness in the general public through publicationsand leaflets and targeting KFOR soldiers through calendars forKFOR;• Regional Seminar for Prevention of Trafficking and Victim Support inorder to foster a national network for the prevention of trafficking andvictim support;• Capacity building with local NGOs and authorities;• Data base on the scope of trafficking and illegal migration in theregion.The NGOs La Strada Macedonia and Open Gate are planning a joint preventioncampaign including publishing posters and post cards. The campaign will bebased on the experiences of other La Strada organisations in the region andaimed at the potential victims of trafficking. A hotline/information line abouttrafficking will provide information about agencies offering jobs in foreign111
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Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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