Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern EuropeSummary andRecommendations• Develop NGO networks at national and regional levels to deal withanti-trafficking issues and other related areas (human rights, HIV/AIDS prevention), and to exchange information at regional level;• Create formal structures and sign agreements of co-operation withgovernments and international organisations, especially concerningthe issues of victim identification, the referral system and security oftrafficked persons;• Develop fundraising strategies (financial and technical expertise) withlocal NGOs, which have the experience and will to assist traffickedpersons;• Donors and international organisations to provide support (financialand technical expertise) to local NGOs.2. Role of donors2.1. SummaryThe role of donors has not been addressed in this report. However, anti-traffickingactivities in SEE have been largely influenced and supported by fundingfrom the countries of Western Europe and the USA. Although there is a lot ofdiscussion on the importance of human rights, donor countries have primarilycontributed to the development of law enforcement projects and victim returnprogrammes, areas directly related to the issues of security, organised crimeand migration.Furthermore, donors have also largely funded international organisations,resulting in the marginalisation of local efforts, not to mention the often inefficientuse of limited resources on expensive, sometimes irrelevant, andunsustainable programmes, which could have been implemented at a fractionof the cost using local experts and NGOs.Although some NPAs include budgets and some governments have committedthemselves to supporting anti-trafficking work financially, the implementationof the NPAs largely depends on external donor support.2.2. Recommendations• Evaluate programmes and projects funded over the past severalyears for impact and effectiveness;• Provide support to activities as set out in the NPA frameworks, withthe aim of developing and securing sustainable local institutions andorganisations;• Co-operate with the SPTTF to secure exchange of information and coordinationof efforts;• Consult with SPTTF on regional priorities, activities and regionalprojects;• Co-operate with other donor agencies to avoid duplication of effortsand projects, and to develop common funding standards.3. Prevention and raising awareness1583.1. SummaryAccording to the SPTTF model NPA and to national NPAs, prevention and raisingof awareness should include not only information about trafficking butshould also address root causes that contribute to the vulnerability of women
Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern Europeand children to trafficking, including poverty, discrimination, inequality anddemand for the services of trafficked women and children.Summary andRecommendationsUntil now, all campaigns for prevention and raising awareness were organisedand run by the local NGOs and international organisations with very limitedinvolvement of governmental institutions. Campaigns were mostly focused onraising the awareness of the general public and of particular groups, includingpotential victims, politicians, journalists, youth, law enforcement agencies,judiciary, etc. The prevention element was limited to warnings about the dangersof migration addressed to high-risk groups, and to creating anti-migratorylaws, which were more part of state policies on migration.The first information campaigns were organised by NGOs. The best campaignsfollowed the model developed by La Strada for their campaigns organised inCentral Europe. La Strada developed several rules, which are still used in alltheir campaigns, aimed at high risk groups and potential victims:• the well being of the trafficked women should be at the centre of allactivities;• the women should be provided with information which allows them tomake informed decisions;• the women should be informed about migration opportunities andrisks, about the legal situation in the countries of destination andabout the assistance and support available.However, there is not much information about the results of the campaigns toraise awareness or their impact. To evaluate their campaigns, IOM, forinstance, is using as a measure of success the number of phone calls to theanti-trafficking hotlines, or the number of persons seeking assistance. Usuallythe numbers go up during, or directly after, such campaigns, only to declineagain shortly, showing that the campaigns achieve their goal but the resultsare not long lasting.Another evaluation tool is a public opinion poll organised before and after thecampaign, to show the increase in awareness of the issue among the generalpopulation. However, in the countries where trafficking became an issue sometime ago, the general awareness is high, and majority of people declare theirknowledge of the issue. It is unknown exactly what the public know, as veryoften, declared knowledge means scandalous information about foreign prostitutesworking within the country or migrating for work abroad. There is aneed for more information about the nature of the crimes of trafficking inhuman beings, as well as to view trafficked persons as victims of crime.The impact of the campaigns for high-risk groups and potential victims is notknown. There is, therefore, a need for more information about the impact ofthe campaigns organised to date, to include research and evaluation as wellas collecting information from trafficked persons about their assessment ofthe campaigns, and suggestions for prevention tools and peer educationmethods.Governments’ involvement in campaigns for prevention and raising awarenessto date has been limited. Governments have tended to approve and sometimessupport NGOs and IOM programmes, rather than come with their owninitiatives. Long-term prevention measures including anti-discriminatorymeasures, job opportunities for women, legal migration projects aimed atwomen, the raising of awareness and programmes against violence againstwomen, are planned under the NPAs, but not yet implemented.159
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Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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