Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern EuropeRepublic ofSerbia(excludingKosovo)The punishment for engaging in acts, which give someone the status of slavery,or inducing someone to sell themselves or others into slavery, and/or beinvolved in the movement of people for the purpose of slavery is from one to10 years imprisonment. Prostitution is prosecuted as a misdemeanour, andattracts a fine and imprisonment of up to 30 days. Article 251 of the FRY CriminalCode is another relevant provision, as it allows punishment of those whopromote prostitution. 92 Whilst there is provision under the Criminal Code toprosecute trafficking for the purposes of forced prostitution and labour, theinterpretation and implementation of this provision is unfortunately very weakwithin the judicial system.In 2000, police arrested 41 traffickers, and in 2001 (until the end of September)over 50. Traffickers were accused of smuggling illegal migrants, organisingprostitution, restricting freedom of movement and confiscatingdocuments, and in five cases of keeping a person in slavery. 93Due to the lengthy legal process (2 to 5 years) and weak evidence againsttraffickers, only two traffickers were prosecuted in the year 2000, and theyreceived only a suspended sentence. To date, only one person has beencharged under Article 155 and he is still awaiting trial.2. Current responses2.1 National Plan of Action and co-ordinationIn April 2001, the OSCE mission in Belgrade organised a National Round Tableon trafficking, attended by representatives of the Federal and the SerbianRepublic Ministries and representatives of the Stability Pact. As a result, theFRY government appointed a National Co-ordinator on Trafficking and a Coordinatorfor the Stability Pact Task Force on Trafficking. 94In June 2001, the National Co-ordinator launched the Initial Board for CombatingTrafficking in Human Beings with the support of representatives of theFederal and Republic Ministries, national NGOs, international agencies andmedia. The Initial Board with the participation of the government, internationalagencies and NGOs formed four working groups: 1) Prevention and raisingawareness; 2) Protection of the victims; 3) Law enforcement; and 4) Datacollection; through which it aimed to prepare a long term, coordinated andmulti-disciplinary approach to trafficking.The working groups met several times to prepare plans of action in theirrespective areas, which will be combined and co-ordinated to form theNational Plan of Action (NPA) to combat trafficking in FRY. The NPA will providea model for co-operation between the agencies and will describe areas foraction.8092.“Whoever recruits, induces incites or lures a female person into prostitution or whoever inany way takes part in turning over a female to another for the exercise of prostitution shallbe sentenced from 3 months to 3 years. If perpetrated against a minor the offence carries asentence from 1 to 10 years”. FRY Criminal Code, Article 251.93.Information on Illegal Migration, Head Office of the Border Police for Foreigners andAdministrative Issues, 16 March 2001.94.Brankica Grupkovic, Assistant Federal Minister of the Interior.
Trafficking in Human Beingsin Southeastern Europe2.2. Roles of government, international organisations andNGOsThe FRY government appointed a National Co-ordinator on Trafficking and aCo-ordinator for the Stability Pact Task Force and convenes working groups ontrafficking. According to the government, the priority issues related to traffickingare in the field of law enforcement - actions against and prosecution of thetraffickers, and collection and processing of reliable data. Although traffickinghas been put on the government agenda, it is rather a low priority and raisingof awareness and services fall to the international organisations, and to theNGO sector which receives no state support. Co-operation between governmentand NGOs is very weak.Republic ofSerbia(excludingKosovo)Before 2001, there were no international agencies working on the issue oftrafficking in Serbia. Following the Federal elections at the end of 2000, OSCEestablished a mission in FRY and took a lead in putting trafficking on the government’sagenda, as well as supporting co-ordination and providing expertise.OSCE has appointed a full time trafficking expert and has developed verygood co-operation with governmental institutions and NGOs. In December2001 OSCE organised a round table in Bujanovac, a meeting of the FRY teamto combat human trafficking, chaired by the Assistant Federal Minister of theInterior. The team was charged with developing and implementing projectsaimed not only at preventing trafficking but also at protecting the victims andprosecuting the traffickers. The roundtable was also an opportunity to presentstrategies for the promotion of local initiatives. IOM is managing shelters fortrafficked persons as part of its return and reintegration programme.Participants in the NGO sector in Serbia have had a very different experience totheir colleagues and counterparts in other parts of the region. Many countriesin the region experienced the injection of large amounts of money into civil societyactivities. Whilst this led to a flourishing NGO sector, it also led to the establishmentof many weak organisations. As the level of support and resourcesdeclined, so did the number of organisations that were able to survive.This has not been the experience in Serbia. While limited resources have hada constraining influence on NGOs’ capacity and ability to scale up activities, ithas also meant organisations have developed sustainable and creative workwith limited amounts of money and support. They have also been less subjectto donors’ agendas and have been able to remain true to their mandates.NGOs in Serbia have also had to operate in a hostile environment with theiractivities coming under increasing scrutiny and pressure from the government.As isolation from the international community increased, so did theintimidation NGOs experienced and to continue working in this environmentrequired courage and commitment.There are a number of women’s organisations in Serbia that have beenaddressing the problems surrounding violence against women, such as sexualassault and domestic violence, for many years. They have also been veryprominent in anti-war, anti-conscription and peace activism. Such has beenthe power of some of the initiatives started by these organisations that wehave seen them develop into international campaigns, such as the Women inBlack. They have established programmes to support victims of violence, setup SOS hotlines and shelters for abused women, and have networked withother organisations in the region. Despite lack of state support and relianceon outside donors for funding, local NGOs have managed to remain independentand self-sustaining for many years.81
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Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern Europe - Iom

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