Volume 1 Cedric - revised luca Final - RUIG-GIAN

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Table of contentsAcknowledgments................................................................................................................ 40List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 43List of acronyms .................................................................................................................. 44Executive summary.............................................................................................................. 461. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 482. Country profile ........................................................................................................... 502.1. Historical respective .......................................................................................... 502.1.1. The Saddam Hussein Regime (1979-2003).................................................502.1.2. The current context in Iraq .......................................................................512.2. Demographic environment................................................................................. 522.3. Social environment ........................................................................................... 532.3.1. Incomes...................................................................................................532.3.2. Education................................................................................................532.3.3. Health.....................................................................................................542.3.4. Social security and safety nets ..................................................................552.3.5. Vulnerable groups ...................................................................................552.4. Economic environment assessment..................................................................... 56Unemployment..................................................................................................572.5. Perspectives...................................................................................................... 602.5.1. Enhance the role of the private sector .......................................................602.5.2. Develop human resources.........................................................................602.5.3. Strengthen the capacity of governmental institutions..................................603. The rationale of SME sector development in iraq.......................................................... 624. Iraq's SME sector: A profile ........................................................................................ 644.1. Data base and methodological considerations ...................................................... 644.2. The size and structure of SME sector employment in Iraq.................................... 654.2.1. The formal SME sector.............................................................................654.2.2. Informal and formal employment estimates in the SME sector.....................675. Small entrepreneurs profile with a focus on youth ......................................................... 695.1. Methodology and data base................................................................................ 695.2. A profiling of entrepreneurs............................................................................... 696. Small entrepreneur strategies in Iraq: A focus on women .............................................. 716.1. Assessing female participation in the private sector ............................................. 716.1.1. A focus on the industrial sector.................................................................716.1.2. The public sector .....................................................................................7342
6.2. Delimiters of women’s economic activity in Iraq................................................. 737. Addressing obstacles and opportunities for entrepreneurship in Iraq............................... 757.1. Addressing obstacles to SME creation and development ...................................... 757.1.1. General economic recession and deprived internal demand........................757.1.2. Access to credit........................................................................................767.1.3. The abrupt lifting of trade regulations.......................................................777.1.4. Access to production materials and equipment...........................................777.1.5. The legal and regulatory environment.......................................................777.2. Harnessing opportunities ................................................................................... 788. Small entrepreneurs in Iraq: Stories of hopes and constraints ......................................... 808.1. Enterprising in Baghdad .................................................................................... 808.2. Enterprising in Al-Najaf .................................................................................... 839. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 84An SME policy in Iraq: Main axes of work .................................................................. 84Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 87List of tablesTable 1: Net Enrolment Rates (NER)..................................................................................... 53Table 2: Education gender gaps............................................................................................. 54Table 3: Percentage contribution of production sectors in GDP ............................................... 56Table 4: Labour force breakdown by sector of employment .................................................... 57Table 5: Unemployment and underemployment rates in Iraq as of mid-October 2003 bygovernorate among the population aged 15 and above (excluding the Kurdistangovernorate) ........................................................................................................ 59Table 6: Iraq’s private sector SMEs....................................................................................... 65The Private sector employment pyramid (PSEP).................................................................... 65Table 7: Estimates of formal private sector employment ......................................................... 67Table 8: Estimates of total formal and informal private sector employment .............................. 68Table 9: Percentage of female entrepreneurs in existing and under-construction enterprisesregistered in the Union of Industries for 2000/2004 ................................................ 72Table 10: Number of female entrepreneurs out of the total of current/under-constructionenterprises registered in the Union of Industries for 2000-2004 ............................... 7243
Page 1 and 2: HEI-ILO Research Programme onStreng
Page 3: PrefaceThis three-volume series res
Page 7 and 8: Table of contentsPreface...........
Page 9: The Private Sector and Social Partn
Page 13: Executive summaryPrivate enterprise
Page 16 and 17: IGOs, NGOs—tend to exclude, or at
Page 18 and 19: • The World Bank has created a kn
Page 20 and 21: 2. Private enterprises in conflict-
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1: The Private Sector Employ
Page 24 and 25: 2.3. Case study: Promoting multi-et
Page 26 and 27: downstream, i.e. refining and distr
Page 28 and 29: Box 1: How does Somalia’s private
Page 30 and 31: Sectoral aspectsthere will be added
Page 32 and 33: inequities in pricing. “Of the 16
Page 34 and 35: into the armies are thereby also at
Page 36 and 37: 3. Private enterprises and social p
Page 38 and 39: Two natural disasters which have be
Page 40 and 41: Box 4: Cooperatives in crisis respo
Page 42 and 43: partners, the tripartite cooperatio
Page 44: 36forces and that are able to perfo
Page 48: AcknowledgmentsThe authors of this
Page 54 and 55: Executive summaryDespite the rich n
Page 56 and 57: 1. IntroductionSince 1979, under th
Page 58 and 59: 2. Country profileThe Republic of I
Page 60 and 61: • activities related to reconstru
Page 62 and 63: for university education concerning
Page 64 and 65: 2.4. Economic environment assessmen
Page 66 and 67: Unemployment (15 years of age and a
Page 68 and 69: 2.5. PerspectivesDespite devastatio
Page 70 and 71: 3. The rationale of SME sector deve
Page 72 and 73: 4. Iraq's SME sector: A profile4.1.
Page 74 and 75: The Private sector employment pyram
Page 76 and 77: Table 8: Estimates of total formal
Page 78 and 79: Feasibility study: almost all respo
Page 80 and 81: Table 9: Percentage of female entre
Page 82 and 83: Factors for public sector preferenc
Page 84 and 85: The recessionary indication of busi
Page 86 and 87: Special investment legislation and
Page 88 and 89: 8. Small entrepreneurs in Iraq: Sto
Page 90 and 91: a reasonable income and independenc
Page 92 and 93: 9. RecommendationsSME-development s
Page 94 and 95: Longer-term SME developmentBesides
Page 96 and 97: • literature and artistic service
Page 98 and 99: 2. List of interviews with governme
Page 100 and 101:
11. Why did you decide establishing
Page 102 and 103:
33. What are the cost components of
Page 104 and 105:
59. Are you working on a project, o
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Promoting multi-ethnic stakeholder
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101
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103
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105
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107
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109
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Research methodologyThe research te
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possibility of conflict. In 1992, a
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2.2.2. PovertyAfter the break-up of
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of almost 10 per cent of GDP, yet i
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Source of initial financing: privat
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‘It is important to point out tha
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4.2. The economic resilience of int
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medium-sized companies employing 24
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5.2. Addressing constraints for SME
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5.4. Support to local initiativesSM
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ConclusionConsidering the actual an
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Scott, Norman: Macedonia: A Brief E
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Official gross reserves 4 290 450 7
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4. Survey questionnaire1. Name of t
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139
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141
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143
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2. Le contexte2.1. Le paradoxe ango
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Composition et description des Futu
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Les généraux angolais sont prése
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Les syndicats officielsL’Union na
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Une étude réalisée en 2003 pour
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3.3. Sortir du cercle vicieux : vie
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Annexes1. Morceaux choisis : le «
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159
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L’implication des partenaires soc
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Table des matièresTable des matiè
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RemerciementsQu’il me soit permis
Page 175 and 176:
Liste des acronymesAFASPAALEANEAANS
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GlossaireAide d’urgence :Aléa :A
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Résumé exécutifAu cours des dix
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1. IntroductionLe département de R
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Limites de l’étudeAvant de proc
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évalué à plus de deux milliards
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2.2.2. Aspects démographiquesLes p
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2.3.3. EducationDès l’indépenda
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création de fonds de stabilisation
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3. Analyse des formes de réponse :
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• le secteur de l’Eau sera dest
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• la révision de la législation
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de main-d’œuvre, encourageant la
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leur fournissait les équipements e
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matérielle sous des formes diverse
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centre de l’attention des partena
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• le rôle dévolu à la commissi
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Renforcer le rôle de solidarité d
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ConclusionLa dimension de la tache
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Equipe Multidisciplinaire pour l’
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2. Séries statistiquesTable 8 : Ev
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Table 11 : Répartition de la popul
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Table 2 : Liste détaillée des com
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Table 4 : Dispositif d’interventi
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Organisation de l’unité syndical
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- Centre technique de construction.
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219
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Volume 1 Cedric - revised luca Final - RUIG-GIAN

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