MAINTAINABILITY DESIGN TECHNIQUES METRIC - AcqNotes.com

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Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com on 2011-10-29T14:56:01.DOD-HDBK-791(AM)Figure 9-4. Permissible Distance Between Speaker and Listener for Specified Voice Levels andAmbient Noise Levels (The levels in parentheses refer to voice levels measured one meter fromthe mouth.) (Ref. 2)TABLE 9-7. SOUND INTENSITY LEVELS9-12
Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com on 2011-10-29T14:56:01.DOD-HDBK-791(AM)The sense of touch is greatly diminished by the protectivegloves required when working in cold or contaminatedenvironments or on cryogenic systems such as liquidoxygen. In these cases, it is inappropriate to rely onthe sense of touch to the same degree as when a task isperformed with bare hands.9-5 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORSPsychological factors include adaptability, aptitude,attitude, motivation, and behavior. Since all individualshave different physical attributes, experiences, abilities,intellect, and emotions, each person is psychologicallyunique. Accordingly, designers must keep in mind thelack of psychological uniformity among users and maintenanceworkers.Although errors and inefficiencies introduced by psychologicalfactors will inevitably occur, methods havebeen developed to minimize their frequency and severity.Work environments should be designed for the mentalwell-being of personnel, and the capabilities and normalreactions of personnel should be considered in the designprocess. Many of these design features are defined inMIL-STD-1472 (Ref. 2).9-5.1 MOTIVATION AND TRAININGPeople are motivated by numerous things esprit decorps, patriotism, love, hate, revenge. sex, competition,prestige, hunger, fear, pride of accomplishment, financialrewards, etc. In most cases, motivation is a positive factorbecause it creates a desire to accomplish a mission successfully.Some of the factors that can be controlled by thedesigner to enhance motivation include comfort, security,and safety. Lack of these factors will adversely affectmotivation.Motivational factors promoted by the Army that areimportant to the maintenance technicians are achievement,recognition of achievement, the nature of the workitself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. Armycareer planning provides for optimal personnel developmentby providing (1) opportunity for training and aprogression of selected assignments, (2) counseling toassist in career goal setting, and (3) incentive recognitionfor accomplishments (Ref. 16).Skill level is an indicator of capability, not of drive.Motivational training for the maintenance technicianhelps to maintain an adequate level of personnel competency.This is especially true of training designed to influenceattitudes, as in safety training. Appeals to loyalty,interest in work. prestige, and other such factors willincrease motivation.9-5.2 CAPABILITYThe design engineer should consider the skills requiredand the personnel available to operate and maintainequipment. Equipment that requires skill levels higherthan those available cannot be successfully maintained,Care must be exercised to insure that the equipment doesnot outstrip the abilities of the soldier.It is difficult to obtain and retain skilled military maintenancepersonnel. Therefore, the equipment designermust build in maintenance features that would be unnecessaryif highly skilled technicians were available.As the complexity of the maintenance task increases,the time required to train maintenance specialists alsoincreases. Maintenance actions—relying on modularizationand the use of built-in test equipment—should, therefore,be as simple as possible to permit the shortest trainingtime so that a technician’s effective service aftertraining can be proportionately increased.In the design of Army equipment, the user skill levelshould be considered throughout the life cycle of theproduct. The optimal design goal should be equipmentthat can be repaired effectively by the least experiencedpersonnel using pertinent manuals. For developmentpurposes the “typical” Army technician should be assumedto possess the following characteristics (Ref. 17):1. Average age: 22.2 yr2. Average civilian education: 12 yr (90.8% are highschool graduates)3. Average reading comprehension: ninth grade(based on US Army Infantry School 1978 report.)4. Average service education: 19 weeks, includingbasic training, specialty training, and weapon systemtraining5. Applicable civilian experience: minimum6. Applicable Army experience: overall average isapproximately 6.7 yr, but 50.3% of the technicians whowill perform most of the work (nonsupervisory) will be intheir first term of service.Terms used to identify and establish specific tasks andskills follow:1. Military Occupational Specialty (MOS). This is aterm used to identify a group of closely related dutypositions. The skills required in each of these duty positionsare similar. Therefore, an individual qualified toperform in one of these positions can, with adequateon-the-job training, perform satisfactorily in others of thesame complexity or difficulty (Ref. 16). The MOS identifiestype of skill rather than level of skill. For example, theMOS for infantrymen (11 B) encompasses all positionsranging from a rifleman to a battalion operationssergeant.2. Military Occupational Specialty Code (MOSC).This is a more specific operational identification. It notonly defines the type of skill but also the level of skill, thelevel of proficiency, and the scope of responsibility.3. Career Management Fields (CMF). These aremanageable groups of related MOSS. As an example, theCMF for Air Defense missile maintenance contains 28MOSS. They are used in the selection of personnel for AirDefense units and in unit and intermediate support missilemaintenance units. Qualifications for the Air Defensemissile maintenance CMF includea. Educational:(1) Basic mechanical, electrical, and mathematicalabilities and interests(2) A high verbal ability for comprehension andcommunication of complex technical data(3) A high degree of reasoning ability for rapid9-13
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