e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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x Public Management in Finland (2001), brochure of the Public Management Department, Ministry of Finance. 2002 x Public Service in the New Millennium, ISAB Programme of Action to Promote Online Government, 2002-2003. 2003 x The Act on Electronic Signature. 150
7.3 Appendix 3: Synopsis of history and key decisions 470. Finland’s first work on ICT and e-government dates back to the Information Technology Advisory Board (1976-91). With regard to policy planning at the government level in Finland, several objectives and visions concerning e-government have been put forward from 1994 onwards in government programmes and in reports related to work on the information society. The development of an explicit strategy did not, however, take form before the beginning of the 1990s. 7.3.1 Drivers for proactive planning: development of the information society 471. One of the main drivers for information society planning was the 1992 OECD review of Finland’s information and communications policies. 66 The review concluded that while Finland had reached a high level of IT and telecommunications penetration and expertise, the country lacked a clear strategy in these areas. As a consequence, a government decision was taken on drafting a national information society strategy, which was researched and written by the Ministry of Finance (Finland towards the Information Society: A National Strategy, 1994). The aim of this report was to help Finland to cope with an economic setback and mass unemployment as well as pressures from new technologies and the opening of Finland to the world economy. It benefited from the Information Highway concept launched in the United States and from decisions of the European Commission on Europe’s way to the information society. 472. Based on this information society strategy report and proposals from different ministries, the government passed a resolution in 1995 on measures to develop the Finnish information society. 67 The resolution specifically mentioned the e-government area, with respect to the public sector and the use of ICT as an enabler to incorporate networks and facilitate data exchange, to develop integrated customeroriented public service systems and to facilitate information and participation for citizens and businesses. To achieve these and other information society goals, the government identified several important action areas, including information networks and infrastructure, national information resources, education and training, legislation, research and development, etc. 7.3.2 Decentralised responsibility and broad consultation 473. The government’s 1995 resolution stated that responsibility for attaining the objectives lay with the Prime Minister’s Office and the competent ministries. Responsibility for co-ordinating the detailed planning phase was given to the Ministry of Finance. Each ministry was responsible for implementing and monitoring objectives within its own sphere. No new budget allocations were provided for this purpose; instead, ministries were instructed to reallocate resources as necessary to implement the decision. No mechanisms for co-ordination or follow-up were mentioned, apart from the requirement that each ministry should prepare a detailed action plan on how it would implement the information society strategy principles and submit these to the meeting of secretaries-general. 474. The government also began broad consultation on information society issues. Following the 1995 strategy, the Ministry of Finance prepared the establishment of a broad national information society forum (concluded in 1999) and the Information Society Advisory Board, which was chaired by a minister and 66 Ministry of Finance (1995), Finland’s Way to the Information Society, Helsinki. 67 Government (1995), Government Resolution on Developing a Finnish Information Society, Helsinki. 151
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OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat wo
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4.2.5 Managing multiple service cha
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This report provides a first compre
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Finland could reinforce citizen sup
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Technical issues have been recognis
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The central government, however, la
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E-government has helped improve pla
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OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase
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6. The constitutional independence
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6. As the first OECD report of its
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Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
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x The central administration does n
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2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
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Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
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40. As a result of these earlier go
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is illustrative. An online transact
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Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
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3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
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action unclear. In interviews, IT o
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80. As noted in Chapter 2, the Stat
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equired to provide e-government str
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most important way to fund e-govern
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obtain (38%), followed by funds for
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Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
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113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
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3.3.2 Types of barriers 119. Respon
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x Technology neutrality in legislat
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“backbone” of the government ne
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egional authorities is decisive, ev
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Box 3.5. The development of mobile
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x Improving the public administrati
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political leaders to impress upon t
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showed that top management commitme
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levels of government. In particular
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home and school, every business and
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E-government Imperative (2003) list
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Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
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Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
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Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
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of using more efficient electronic
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Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
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233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
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citizens’ access to information i
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4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
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Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
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Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
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partnerships”). The most signific
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Page 104 and 105: Key Points - 43 x Change management
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Page 110 and 111: x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
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Page 120 and 121: Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
Page 122 and 123: strategies but also the ability to
Page 124 and 125: 361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
Page 126 and 127: 372. The OECD report on the Finnish
Page 128 and 129: x E-government plans are important
Page 130 and 131: 5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
Page 132 and 133: completely new architecture for gat
Page 134 and 135: 399. Brokers receive revenue from t
Page 136 and 137: 409. In 1998, the government agreed
Page 138 and 139: Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
Page 140 and 141: 430. For both municipalities and KE
Page 142 and 143: 6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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Page 146 and 147: Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
Page 148 and 149: 7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
Page 152 and 153: ought together government, civil so
Page 154 and 155: freedom of choice and availability,
Page 156 and 157: 499. The Ministry of the Interior c
Page 158 and 159: decision requires it to provide net
Page 160 and 161: 522. Contrary to former reports by
Page 162 and 163: x By comparison, the term Web site
Page 164 and 165: 7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
Page 166 and 167: 7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
Page 168 and 169: 2. Responses are not included in ov
Page 170 and 171: 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
Page 172 and 173: JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
Page 174 and 175: OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
Page 176 and 177: “GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
Page 178: VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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