e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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80. As noted in Chapter 2, the State budget, public administration reform and e-government in Finland are all responsibilities of the Ministry of Finance, albeit within different departments. The combination of decentralised ICT spending authority and divided oversight responsibilities within the MoF means that a concerted effort is required to ensure sustainable and strategically allocated funding for egovernment initiatives. 3.2.1 Budgetary environment 81. As a general rule, each agency decides on its IT spending in light of its operating appropriation. 18 The Ministry of Finance monitors progress on the use of IT in government through an annual survey, which covers the types of system investments, spending on IT, pervasiveness of technology in ministries and agencies and staffing, as well as current and proposed electronic services. The survey also asks agencies for suggestions on future work such as on standard contract modules and security guidelines. 82. IT spending by the Finnish government takes place in a tight fiscal environment. After a round of heavy budget cuts in the 1990s, the Finnish budget has stabilised with a target of maintaining central government expenditure, in real terms, at 1999 levels. 19 83. Establishing e-government, however, requires up-front investment expenditures, not only in IT systems, but also in personnel and training, and increasingly, in outsourced services. As in many OECD countries, overall IT spending by the Finnish government is increasing (Figure 3). Between 1996 and 2001, IT spending increased on an average of over 13% a year. The nature of spending, however, is changing. Spending on hardware and software purchases has declined as a share of overall total spending, while the amount spent on purchasing services and rental and leasing have steadily crept up. Wages and salaries have been relatively steady. New usage patterns, on the other hand, may also be reflected in increases for costs such as data transmission services, which, at an average growth rate of about 15%, have outpaced overall growth in IT spending. 18 For a more detailed discussion of the Finnish budgeting system, see OECD (2002), Budgeting in Finland, Report to the Public Management Committee, [PUMA/SBO(2002)8/F<strong>IN</strong>AL] 19 In fact, however, spending has grown by 1% of GDP in real terms. 42
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Figure 3.1. Expenditures on information technology by type of expenditure, 1996-2001 Source: Ministry of Finance (2002), “Information Technology within the Government 2001”, pp. 2-3. 3.2.2 Funding at national level Budgeting for cross-organisation ICT projects (in millions of <strong>eu</strong>ros) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 services wages hardware data software other rental 84. Currently all IT development funds in Finland are part of the budgets of individual ministries and agencies. There are no permanent central IT investment funds. In 1999, however, a total of EUR 37 million in one time “future funds” were approved by the Parliament to promote the information society. The Information Management Unit of the Ministry of Finance received some of these funds to create government-wide e-enablers. These special funds have been used by the MoF to support several crossgovernment projects, including the TYVI pilot, the Citizen Portal and the electronic forms service (for more on these projects see the case studies in the appendix). 85. The “future funds” have played an important role in the development of e-enablers in terms of additional funding, but also because ministries are reluctant to pay for projects with widely enjoyed benefits. Additional incentive funds for innovation and project development could play a further role in promoting Finland’s e-government agenda. 86. If the MoF is to make good use of central incentive funds, however, it will need better information on IT investments. While its annual survey of IT use in the administration provides quite a lot of information on spending and service levels, it is only since 2001, when ministries and agencies were 43
Page 1: OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat wo
Page 6 and 7: 4.2.5 Managing multiple service cha
Page 8 and 9: This report provides a first compre
Page 10 and 11: Finland could reinforce citizen sup
Page 12 and 13: Technical issues have been recognis
Page 14 and 15: The central government, however, la
Page 16 and 17: E-government has helped improve pla
Page 18 and 19: OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase
Page 20 and 21: 6. The constitutional independence
Page 22 and 23: 6. As the first OECD report of its
Page 24 and 25: Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
Page 26 and 27: x The central administration does n
Page 28 and 29: 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
Page 30 and 31: Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
Page 32 and 33: 40. As a result of these earlier go
Page 34 and 35: is illustrative. An online transact
Page 36 and 37: Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
Page 38 and 39: 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
Page 40 and 41: action unclear. In interviews, IT o
Page 44 and 45: equired to provide e-government str
Page 46 and 47: most important way to fund e-govern
Page 48 and 49: obtain (38%), followed by funds for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
Page 52 and 53: 113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
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Page 56 and 57: x Technology neutrality in legislat
Page 58 and 59: “backbone” of the government ne
Page 60 and 61: egional authorities is decisive, ev
Page 62 and 63: Box 3.5. The development of mobile
Page 64 and 65: x Improving the public administrati
Page 66 and 67: political leaders to impress upon t
Page 68 and 69: showed that top management commitme
Page 70 and 71: levels of government. In particular
Page 72 and 73: home and school, every business and
Page 74 and 75: E-government Imperative (2003) list
Page 76 and 77: Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
Page 78 and 79: Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
Page 80 and 81: Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
Page 82 and 83: of using more efficient electronic
Page 84 and 85: Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
Page 86 and 87: 233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
Page 88 and 89: citizens’ access to information i
Page 90 and 91: 4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
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Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
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Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
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partnerships”). The most signific
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job satisfaction enquiry and models
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Key Points - 42 x Structural impact
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Key Points - 43 x Change management
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Figure 4.17. E-government leadershi
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297. Interviews with ministries and
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x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
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Figure 4.22. Government-wide leader
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catalyst as well as formal or infor
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operation of the Ministry of Social
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development of Internet service del
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Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
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strategies but also the ability to
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361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
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372. The OECD report on the Finnish
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x E-government plans are important
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5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
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completely new architecture for gat
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399. Brokers receive revenue from t
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409. In 1998, the government agreed
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Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
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430. For both municipalities and KE
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6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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tourism, immigration and emigration
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Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
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7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
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x Public Management in Finland (200
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ought together government, civil so
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freedom of choice and availability,
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499. The Ministry of the Interior c
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decision requires it to provide net
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522. Contrary to former reports by
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x By comparison, the term Web site
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7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
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7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
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2. Responses are not included in ov
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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
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JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
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OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
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“GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
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VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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