e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat would like to thank the peer reviewers that participated in interviews and/or commented on the report: Tomás Orozco (Mexico), Birgitta Rosen (Sweden) and Brian Stewart (Australia). Special thanks also go to Olavi Köngäs, Director of Informatics and Chief Information Officer of the Finnish Ministry of Finance, and his team in the Information Management Unit for their generous collaboration and commitment to the successful realisation of this report. Finally, thanks are due to Elizabeth Muller who reviewed and commented extensively on the report and to Marie Murphy, Elaine Newton and many others, without whose support this report would never have been published. 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSALS FOR ACTION..................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 21 1 E-GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND CONTEXT.......................................................................... 23 1.1 The e-government administrative structure and key players.......................................................... 23 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Public reform imperatives .............................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Spillover from the information society ..........................................................................................31 2.2.1 Promotion of the information society ....................................................................................... 31 2.2.2 Online transactions ................................................................................................................... 33 2.3 Demand for e-government.............................................................................................................. 34 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT..................................................................................................... 38 3.1 Legislative and regulatory barriers................................................................................................. 38 3.1.1 Regulatory framework .............................................................................................................. 38 3.1.2 Privacy protection..................................................................................................................... 40 3.2 Budgetary barriers.......................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.1 Budgetary environment............................................................................................................. 42 3.2.2 Funding at national level........................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3 Funding at ministry and central agency level ........................................................................... 45 3.3 Technological barriers.................................................................................................................... 49 3.3.1 Relative importance of IT challenges ....................................................................................... 49 3.3.2 Types of barriers....................................................................................................................... 54 3.4 The “digital divide”........................................................................................................................ 58 3.4.1 Actions to reduce the digital divide .......................................................................................... 59 3.4.2 Alternative Internet access channels......................................................................................... 60 4 IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT................................................................................................ 63 4.1 Vision and planning ....................................................................................................................... 63 4.1.1 Developing a common vision ................................................................................................... 64 4.1.2 Planning at the ministry and agency level ................................................................................ 67 4.1.3 E-government goals and targets................................................................................................ 69 4.1.4 E-Europe goals.......................................................................................................................... 71 4.2 Electronic services.......................................................................................................................... 73 4.2.1 Stage 1 online services: information......................................................................................... 76 4.2.2 Stage 2 online services: Interactive information....................................................................... 78 4.2.3 Stage 3 electronic services: transactions................................................................................... 80 4.2.4 Stage 4 electronic services: data sharing .................................................................................. 84 5
Page 1: OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
Page 6 and 7: 4.2.5 Managing multiple service cha
Page 8 and 9: This report provides a first compre
Page 10 and 11: Finland could reinforce citizen sup
Page 12 and 13: Technical issues have been recognis
Page 14 and 15: The central government, however, la
Page 16 and 17: E-government has helped improve pla
Page 18 and 19: OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase
Page 20 and 21: 6. The constitutional independence
Page 22 and 23: 6. As the first OECD report of its
Page 24 and 25: Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
Page 26 and 27: x The central administration does n
Page 28 and 29: 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
Page 30 and 31: Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
Page 32 and 33: 40. As a result of these earlier go
Page 34 and 35: is illustrative. An online transact
Page 36 and 37: Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
Page 38 and 39: 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
Page 40 and 41: action unclear. In interviews, IT o
Page 42 and 43: 80. As noted in Chapter 2, the Stat
Page 44 and 45: equired to provide e-government str
Page 46 and 47: most important way to fund e-govern
Page 48 and 49: obtain (38%), followed by funds for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
Page 52 and 53: 113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
Page 54 and 55:
3.3.2 Types of barriers 119. Respon
Page 56 and 57:
x Technology neutrality in legislat
Page 58 and 59:
“backbone” of the government ne
Page 60 and 61:
egional authorities is decisive, ev
Page 62 and 63:
Box 3.5. The development of mobile
Page 64 and 65:
x Improving the public administrati
Page 66 and 67:
political leaders to impress upon t
Page 68 and 69:
showed that top management commitme
Page 70 and 71:
levels of government. In particular
Page 72 and 73:
home and school, every business and
Page 74 and 75:
E-government Imperative (2003) list
Page 76 and 77:
Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
Page 78 and 79:
Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
Page 80 and 81:
Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
Page 82 and 83:
of using more efficient electronic
Page 84 and 85:
Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
Page 86 and 87:
233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
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citizens’ access to information i
Page 90 and 91:
4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
Page 92 and 93:
Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
Page 96 and 97:
Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
Page 98 and 99:
partnerships”). The most signific
Page 100 and 101:
job satisfaction enquiry and models
Page 102 and 103:
Key Points - 42 x Structural impact
Page 104 and 105:
Key Points - 43 x Change management
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 4.17. E-government leadershi
Page 108 and 109:
297. Interviews with ministries and
Page 110 and 111:
x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 4.22. Government-wide leader
Page 114 and 115:
catalyst as well as formal or infor
Page 116 and 117:
operation of the Ministry of Social
Page 118 and 119:
development of Internet service del
Page 120 and 121:
Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
Page 122 and 123:
strategies but also the ability to
Page 124 and 125:
361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
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372. The OECD report on the Finnish
Page 128 and 129:
x E-government plans are important
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5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
Page 132 and 133:
completely new architecture for gat
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399. Brokers receive revenue from t
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409. In 1998, the government agreed
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Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
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430. For both municipalities and KE
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6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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tourism, immigration and emigration
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Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
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7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
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x Public Management in Finland (200
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ought together government, civil so
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freedom of choice and availability,
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499. The Ministry of the Interior c
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decision requires it to provide net
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522. Contrary to former reports by
Page 162 and 163:
x By comparison, the term Web site
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7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
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7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
Page 168 and 169:
2. Responses are not included in ov
Page 170 and 171:
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
Page 172 and 173:
JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
Page 174 and 175:
OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
Page 176 and 177:
“GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
Page 178:
VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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