e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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4.2.5 Managing multiple service channel strategy............................................................................. 87 4.3 E-engagement................................................................................................................................. 87 4.3.1 E-engagement at the national level........................................................................................... 88 4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry and agency level ....................................................................... 90 4.3.3 Impact of ICT on citizen engagement....................................................................................... 92 4.4 Portals............................................................................................................................................. 93 4.4.1 The citizen portal ...................................................................................................................... 93 4.4.2 Portal connectivity.................................................................................................................... 94 4.5 Back-office changes ....................................................................................................................... 96 4.5.1 Promoting organisational change.............................................................................................. 96 4.5.2 Providing leadership ............................................................................................................... 104 4.5.3 Ensuring central co-ordination................................................................................................ 109 4.5.4 Managing public-private partnerships .................................................................................... 116 4.5.5 Improving skills...................................................................................................................... 121 4.6 Monitoring and evaluation of e-government................................................................................ 125 4.6.1 Monitoring and evaluation at central government level ......................................................... 126 4.6.2 Implementing monitoring and evaluation............................................................................... 127 5 NEXT STEPS...................................................................................................................................... 130 6 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................................................. 131 6.1 Case study 1: G2B broker system for reporting business data to government (TYVI)................ 131 6.1.1 Advantages of the TYVI model.............................................................................................. 132 6.1.2 Involving TYVI operators ...................................................................................................... 133 6.1.3 Involving public authorities.................................................................................................... 134 6.1.4 Problems and criticisms.......................................................................................................... 134 6.2 Case study 2: The electronic citizen identification card (F<strong>IN</strong>EID).............................................. 135 6.2.1 Background............................................................................................................................. 135 6.2.2 Demand for electronic identification ...................................................................................... 136 6.2.3 Implementation and initial results........................................................................................... 137 6.2.4 Problems and criticisms.......................................................................................................... 138 6.2.5 Future plans ............................................................................................................................ 140 6.3 Case study 3: The citizen portal ................................................................................................... 142 6.3.1 Background............................................................................................................................. 142 6.3.2 Goals and content ................................................................................................................... 143 6.3.3 Financing and management .................................................................................................... 144 6.3.4 Future plans ............................................................................................................................ 145 7 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................................... 147 7.1 Appendix 1: Finland’s political and administrative system ......................................................... 147 7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies, decisions and acts related to e-government.............................. 148 7.3 Appendix 3: Synopsis of history and key decisions..................................................................... 151 7.3.1 Drivers for proactive planning: development of the information society............................... 151 7.3.2 Decentralised responsibility and broad consultation .............................................................. 151 7.3.3 Tying information management planning to overall state administration objectives............. 152 7.3.4 Information society strategy and setting up e-enablers........................................................... 152 7.3.5 Information management objectives: administrative simplification and improved services.. 153 7.3.6 Integrating e-government with the public administration at all levels: JUNA ....................... 155 7.3.7 ICT for citizen participation and greater openness................................................................. 155 7.3.8 Enabling legislation for electronic services and information management ............................ 156 7.3.9 The key co-ordinator: the Ministry of Finance....................................................................... 157 6
7.3.10 A fundamental dilemma: balancing steering and co-ordination with individual accountability ...................................................................................................................................... 157 7.3.11 Identifying and addressing e-government bottlenecks ....................................................... 159 7.4 Appendix 4: Glossary and List of Acronyms............................................................................... 161 7.4.1 Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 161 7.4.2 List of acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 164 7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology ........................................................................................................... 166 7.5.1 Definition of analytical framework......................................................................................... 166 7.5.2 Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 166 7.5.3 Independence and n<strong>eu</strong>trality and verification of inputs.......................................................... 168 7.5.4 Transparency of procedures.................................................................................................... 168 7.5.5 Challenges............................................................................................................................... 169 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 170 Boxes Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination responsibilities of central ministries............................................. 24 Box 2.1. Finland’s paperless accounting system....................................................................................... 30 Box 2.2. E-government-related surveys.................................................................................................... 35 Box 3.1. Financing from user fees: the JULHA Directory ....................................................................... 46 Box 3.2. Lack of financial tools for improving electronic access at the municipal level: the Finnish Consumer Agency..................................................................................................................................... 49 Box 3.3. Challenges to achieving a unique id card: The Finnish smart card ............................................ 55 Box 3.4 Anticipating technological change still requires a market focus: The Finnish smart card.......... 56 Box 3.5. The development of mobile phones as an alternative Internet access route............................... 62 Box 4.1. ISAB’s Programme of Action to Promote Online Government, 2002-03.................................. 66 Box 4.2. The Statistics Finland Census collection.................................................................................... 85 Box 4.3. The Vehicle Administration registers......................................................................................... 86 Box 4.4. Finnish e-government portals..................................................................................................... 94 Box 4.5. Re-engineering process as well as IT systems in the Vehicle Administration ........................... 99 Box 4.6. Planning client-based electronic services in the Finnish Consumer Agency ............................. 99 7
Page 1: OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat wo
Page 8 and 9: This report provides a first compre
Page 10 and 11: Finland could reinforce citizen sup
Page 12 and 13: Technical issues have been recognis
Page 14 and 15: The central government, however, la
Page 16 and 17: E-government has helped improve pla
Page 18 and 19: OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase
Page 20 and 21: 6. The constitutional independence
Page 22 and 23: 6. As the first OECD report of its
Page 24 and 25: Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
Page 26 and 27: x The central administration does n
Page 28 and 29: 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
Page 30 and 31: Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
Page 32 and 33: 40. As a result of these earlier go
Page 34 and 35: is illustrative. An online transact
Page 36 and 37: Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
Page 38 and 39: 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
Page 40 and 41: action unclear. In interviews, IT o
Page 42 and 43: 80. As noted in Chapter 2, the Stat
Page 44 and 45: equired to provide e-government str
Page 46 and 47: most important way to fund e-govern
Page 48 and 49: obtain (38%), followed by funds for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
Page 52 and 53: 113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
Page 54 and 55: 3.3.2 Types of barriers 119. Respon
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x Technology neutrality in legislat
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“backbone” of the government ne
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egional authorities is decisive, ev
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Box 3.5. The development of mobile
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x Improving the public administrati
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political leaders to impress upon t
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showed that top management commitme
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levels of government. In particular
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home and school, every business and
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E-government Imperative (2003) list
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Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
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Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
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Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
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of using more efficient electronic
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Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
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233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
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citizens’ access to information i
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4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
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Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
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Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
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partnerships”). The most signific
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job satisfaction enquiry and models
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Key Points - 42 x Structural impact
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Key Points - 43 x Change management
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Figure 4.17. E-government leadershi
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297. Interviews with ministries and
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x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
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Figure 4.22. Government-wide leader
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catalyst as well as formal or infor
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operation of the Ministry of Social
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development of Internet service del
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Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
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strategies but also the ability to
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361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
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372. The OECD report on the Finnish
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x E-government plans are important
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5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
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completely new architecture for gat
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399. Brokers receive revenue from t
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409. In 1998, the government agreed
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Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
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430. For both municipalities and KE
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6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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tourism, immigration and emigration
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Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
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7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
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x Public Management in Finland (200
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ought together government, civil so
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freedom of choice and availability,
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499. The Ministry of the Interior c
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decision requires it to provide net
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522. Contrary to former reports by
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x By comparison, the term Web site
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7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
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7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
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2. Responses are not included in ov
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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
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JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
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OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
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“GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
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VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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