e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase of e-government development in Finland has shown a solid implementation of the early stages of electronic services on an agency-by-agency basis, adequate resources for ICT investments, and the establishment of some common and necessary e-government enablers such as the Citizen Portal. The next phase will be more difficult requiring, in addition to the continued development of systems applications, an improved knowledge of user demands, increased inter-agency collaboration and additional investments in re-engineering processes and change management. As in the other Nordic countries, Finland’s decentralised governance structure has shown quite a bit of flexibility in meeting the needs of citizens and business. Implementing e-government raises questions of how this structure can be adapted to reinforce planning and accountability, impetus for agencies lagging behind, mechanisms for pooling agency expertise and resources, and incentives for collaboration across agencies. 18
E-Government in Finland : Proposals for Action 1. In order to increase awareness of the e-government vision throughout the administration, the government could better market its vision through a communications project aimed at front-line staff, IT officials, top management and ministers, and the general population: 1.a Ministries and agencies could be encouraged to begin thinking about what action is needed to change the structures, processes and culture of the administration through inter-agency discussions involving broad cross-sections of staff on how e-government can improve public governance. Additional consultation of staff could also improve the quality and ownership of the e-government vision. 1.b The vision could be incorporated more explicitly into technical training and assistance for the preparation of agency e-government plans. 1.c A communications strategy could be used to inform citizens and businesses of the objectives, actual and potential benefits, and progress of the overall e-government initiative. 2. In order to better promote user-centric electronic services, the government could examine how it can better understand user preferences. Actions could include requiring agencies to report existing information on customer needs, making better use of survey and statistical information, and aggregating all existing information to present a clearer overall picture. 3. In order to ensure ownership of the e-government initiative and to provide clear guidance and leadership, it would be beneficial for the Ministry of Finance (MoF) to continue to develop its current co-ordination activities as the designated primary co-ordinator for e-government in the central administration. In particular, as the co-ordinator for agency and ministry e-government plans, MoF could: 3.a further promote action and a whole-of-government perspective by taking an active role in supporting, reviewing, co-ordinating and monitoring plans in order to ensure that they are realistic, integrated with overall agency planning and consistent with the overall egovernment vision and objectives. 3.b review e-government plans for inter-agency collaboration, including requiring ministries and agencies to identify natural partners and to consult with them on their e-government plans. 3.c require ministries and agencies to set targets for themselves as part of their e-government plans in order to promote action and improve accountability. These targets could be negotiated with the MoF based on the circumstances of each agency. Once agreed upon, agencies should be held accountable to these targets. 4. In order to support agency and ministry understanding of the requirements concerning egovernment, it could be beneficial to reorganise and simplify existing guidance into a more comprehensive form. This would also serve to clarify and explain existing regulations and improve access. 5. The government has maintained citizens’ confidence by guarding against privacy and security abuses. Towards this end it would be beneficial to continue to offer technical support to agencies seeking authentication solutions. 19
Page 1: OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat wo
Page 6 and 7: 4.2.5 Managing multiple service cha
Page 8 and 9: This report provides a first compre
Page 10 and 11: Finland could reinforce citizen sup
Page 12 and 13: Technical issues have been recognis
Page 14 and 15: The central government, however, la
Page 16 and 17: E-government has helped improve pla
Page 20 and 21: 6. The constitutional independence
Page 22 and 23: 6. As the first OECD report of its
Page 24 and 25: Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
Page 26 and 27: x The central administration does n
Page 28 and 29: 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
Page 30 and 31: Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
Page 32 and 33: 40. As a result of these earlier go
Page 34 and 35: is illustrative. An online transact
Page 36 and 37: Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
Page 38 and 39: 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
Page 40 and 41: action unclear. In interviews, IT o
Page 42 and 43: 80. As noted in Chapter 2, the Stat
Page 44 and 45: equired to provide e-government str
Page 46 and 47: most important way to fund e-govern
Page 48 and 49: obtain (38%), followed by funds for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
Page 52 and 53: 113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
Page 54 and 55: 3.3.2 Types of barriers 119. Respon
Page 56 and 57: x Technology neutrality in legislat
Page 58 and 59: “backbone” of the government ne
Page 60 and 61: egional authorities is decisive, ev
Page 62 and 63: Box 3.5. The development of mobile
Page 64 and 65: x Improving the public administrati
Page 66 and 67: political leaders to impress upon t
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showed that top management commitme
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levels of government. In particular
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home and school, every business and
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E-government Imperative (2003) list
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Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
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Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
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Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
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of using more efficient electronic
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Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
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233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
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citizens’ access to information i
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4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
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Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
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Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
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partnerships”). The most signific
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job satisfaction enquiry and models
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Key Points - 42 x Structural impact
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Key Points - 43 x Change management
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Figure 4.17. E-government leadershi
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297. Interviews with ministries and
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x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
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Figure 4.22. Government-wide leader
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catalyst as well as formal or infor
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operation of the Ministry of Social
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development of Internet service del
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Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
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strategies but also the ability to
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361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
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372. The OECD report on the Finnish
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x E-government plans are important
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5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
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completely new architecture for gat
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399. Brokers receive revenue from t
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409. In 1998, the government agreed
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Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
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430. For both municipalities and KE
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6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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tourism, immigration and emigration
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Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
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7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
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x Public Management in Finland (200
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ought together government, civil so
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freedom of choice and availability,
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499. The Ministry of the Interior c
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decision requires it to provide net
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522. Contrary to former reports by
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x By comparison, the term Web site
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7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
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7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
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2. Responses are not included in ov
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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
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JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
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OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
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“GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
Page 178:
VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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