e-GOVERNMENT IN FINLAND - ePractice.eu

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6. As the first OECD report of its kind, it is a “pilot study” which has served both as a reference for the flagship report and may eventually serve as a model for other such studies. It therefore lacks baselines for comparison, but it is the authors’ hope that the issues raised will provide a springboard for discussion and action both in Finland and in other countries facing similar e-government challenges. 22
1 E-<strong>GOVERNMENT</strong> STRUCTURE AND CONTEXT 7. Identifying the structure and context for e-government can help to understand the directions taken and the responsibilities ultimately attributed and point towards possible solutions for addressing egovernment challenges. This chapter defines the scope of this study in terms of the main actors in the central government and their relationship with one another. 1.1 The e-government administrative structure and key players 8. In Finland, out of a labour force of almost 2.3 million, the public sector accounts for about 28% (i.e. 643 000 employees) of which about 23% (i.e. 145 000 people) are in the central administration. 1 These employees work for one of 13 ministries or 111 agencies. (For additional background on Finland’s political and administrative system, see Appendix 1). 9. While this report focuses on the role of the central administration, it is important not to forget the many other actors that make up the Finnish government. These include the regional and local offices of the central government. In addition, as most public services are provided at the local level, regional and local governments are key service partners. Municipalities and municipal unions account for 77% of all public sector employees. 10. The importance of regional and local government for implementing e-government shapes the context for the actions of the central administration. At the national level, the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities (AFLRA) plays a major role in representing the interests and perspective of local government partners. 11. In Finland’s central administration, a number of different actors share co-ordination responsibilities. In addition to putting their own services online, certain ministries are also responsible for promoting the exchange of ideas and initiatives among ministries and agencies and for ensuring coherent government action by providing general instructions and guidelines. Central actors responsible for budgeting, public administration reform and the promotion of the information society all have an important and direct impact on e-government in Finland. They are the primary focus of this study. 1 Statistics Finland, 2002, www.hel.fi/tietokeskus/en/Trends202/labourmarket.html 23
Page 1: OECD e-GOVERNMENT STUDIES e-GOVERNM
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat wo
Page 6 and 7: 4.2.5 Managing multiple service cha
Page 8 and 9: This report provides a first compre
Page 10 and 11: Finland could reinforce citizen sup
Page 12 and 13: Technical issues have been recognis
Page 14 and 15: The central government, however, la
Page 16 and 17: E-government has helped improve pla
Page 18 and 19: OVERALL ASSESSMENT The first phase
Page 20 and 21: 6. The constitutional independence
Page 24 and 25: Box 1.1. E-government co-ordination
Page 26 and 27: x The central administration does n
Page 28 and 29: 2 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT 25. The
Page 30 and 31: Key Points - 4 x Public administrat
Page 32 and 33: 40. As a result of these earlier go
Page 34 and 35: is illustrative. An online transact
Page 36 and 37: Health care 50 29 21 Unemployment 8
Page 38 and 39: 3 BARRIERS TO E-GOVERNMENT 61. E-go
Page 40 and 41: action unclear. In interviews, IT o
Page 42 and 43: 80. As noted in Chapter 2, the Stat
Page 44 and 45: equired to provide e-government str
Page 46 and 47: most important way to fund e-govern
Page 48 and 49: obtain (38%), followed by funds for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 3.4. E-government technologi
Page 52 and 53: 113. Not surprisingly, the OECD sur
Page 54 and 55: 3.3.2 Types of barriers 119. Respon
Page 56 and 57: x Technology neutrality in legislat
Page 58 and 59: “backbone” of the government ne
Page 60 and 61: egional authorities is decisive, ev
Page 62 and 63: Box 3.5. The development of mobile
Page 64 and 65: x Improving the public administrati
Page 66 and 67: political leaders to impress upon t
Page 68 and 69: showed that top management commitme
Page 70 and 71: levels of government. In particular
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home and school, every business and
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E-government Imperative (2003) list
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Key Points - 31 x The proportion of
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Key Points - 32 x Basic online info
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Key Points - 33 x Interactive infor
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of using more efficient electronic
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Key Points - 35 x The proportion of
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233. The Finnish Vehicle Administra
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citizens’ access to information i
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4.3.2 E-engagement at the ministry
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Key Points - 38 x E-engagement init
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255. At the end of 2002, the curren
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Themes portal (e.g. environmental,
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partnerships”). The most signific
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job satisfaction enquiry and models
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Key Points - 42 x Structural impact
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Key Points - 43 x Change management
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Figure 4.17. E-government leadershi
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297. Interviews with ministries and
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x Horizontal co-ordination: lack of
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Figure 4.22. Government-wide leader
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catalyst as well as formal or infor
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operation of the Ministry of Social
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development of Internet service del
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Box 4.7. Adapting E-Procurement for
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strategies but also the ability to
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361. Moreover, the lack of opportun
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372. The OECD report on the Finnish
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x E-government plans are important
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5 NEXT STEPS 385. In May 2003, the
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completely new architecture for gat
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399. Brokers receive revenue from t
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409. In 1998, the government agreed
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Figure 6.3. Finnish electronic citi
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430. For both municipalities and KE
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6.3 Case study 3: The citizen porta
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tourism, immigration and emigration
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Key Points - 60 x The citizen citiz
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7.2 Appendix 2: Reports, strategies
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x Public Management in Finland (200
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ought together government, civil so
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freedom of choice and availability,
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499. The Ministry of the Interior c
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decision requires it to provide net
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522. Contrary to former reports by
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x By comparison, the term Web site
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7.4.2 List of acronyms AFLRA: The A
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7.5 Appendix 5: Methodology 7.5.1 D
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2. Responses are not included in ov
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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACCENTURE (2001),
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JUSSILAINEN, M. (2003), “Knowledg
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OECD (1992), “ICCP Reviews of Inf
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“GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON HIGH-QU
Page 178:
VISTI, S. (1998), “Electronic Ide
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