Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014

List of figures xxi
Annex Figures
Page
Figure 1: Stand-alone pre-processor program with a graphic user interface.
The pre-processor has been programmed with Java ......................... 161
Figure 2: Sea region definition illustration. GIS shapefile has been read by the pre-processor.
The resolution of the sea region mapping is 0.1 × 0.1 degrees .................. 161
Figure 3: NA-ECA polygons drawn with Google Earth 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Figure 4: Geographical distribution of AIS messages processed by the pre-processor
for 2007 and 2012. All available AIS data sets have been combined.
Unit: total number of messages per grid cell with an area of 0.2 × 0.2 degrees.
Both plots are the same scale .......................................... 163
Figure 5: Top plot shows the reported speed for an indicative ship between 15 January 2011
and 31 January 2011, each message with an opacity of 50% so that density
is apparent. The lower plot shows the same ship with the speeds resampled.
A reliability of 0 indicates that there was no activity report
for that resampled hour .............................................. 164
Figure 6: Example plot of coverage indicated by source of data ........................ 165
Figure 7: Characterization of ship phases used in the extrapolation algorithm
for an example very large crude carrier (VLCC) in 2012. The top plot shows
the phase labels for each data point at given speeds (y-axis)
and the lower plot classifies the data into high and low
standard deviation of speed within a six-hour window ....................... 166
Figure 8: Illustration of the extrapolation process ................................... 167
Figure 9: Activity and ship technical and operational data merger process ................ 175
Figure 10: Geographical distribution of AIS messages processed by the pre-processor
for 2009–2012. All available AIS data sets (both satellite and terrestrial)
have been combined. Unit: total number of messages per grid cell
with an area of 0.2 × 0.2 degrees ....................................... 196
Figure 11: Repeat plots for 2008 and 2007 as for Figure 4 with the same scale ............. 197
Figure 12: Geographical distribution of LRIT messages processed by the pre-processor
for 2009–2012. Unit: total number of messages per grid cell
with an area of 0.2 × 0.2 degrees ....................................... 198
Figure 13: The average volume of AIS activity reports for a region reported by a ship
for up to 300 randomly selected VLCCs from 2007 to 2012 ................... 199
Figure 14: The average volume of AIS activity reports for a region reported by a ship
for up to 300 randomly selected Capesize bulk carriers from 2007 to 2012 ........ 200
Figure 15: Fraction of time intervals between consecutive messages that fall between
five and seven hours for each ship type and size category ..................... 201
Figure 16: Plots of difference in fraction of time spent at sea for all ships, with increasing
high-confidence AIS count over the year. For each ship in one of these 5%-wide bins,
the difference between fraction of time at sea between AIS and LRIT is calculated.
The mean of this difference per bin is plotted in red, and the standard deviation
of the difference in each bin is plotted in blue .............................. 203
Figure 17: Distribution of difference between resampled hourly speeds
and the reported speed within the hour sampled across 10 VLCCs in 2011.
The standard deviation was calculated as 0.75 nm/hr ........................ 204
Figure 18: Distribution of difference between reported speeds when the time difference
in reporting is within two hours (sampled as message from 105 minutes to
120 minutes from the original message) for all VLCCs captured in AIS.
The standard deviation of the sample was 1.85 nm/hr ........................ 204