Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014

Annex 7 291
PM
The emissions of particulate matter result from incomplete combustion of fuels and from the formation of
sulphate particles, which is a result of sulphur emissions. They are assumed to be constant over time.
Region
Table 67 – PM emissions factors (g/g fuel)
Fuel type
Year
2012 2030 2050
Global HFO 0.00728 0.00385 0.00385
LSFO 0.00426 0.00385 0.00385
MGO 0.00097 0.00097 0.00097
LNG 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018
SO 2
The emissions of SO 2 result from the combustion of sulphur that is present in petroleum-derived fuels.
Emissions factors will decrease as a result of MARPOL Annex VI regulations.
Region
Table 68 – SO 2 emissions factors (g/g fuel)
Fuel type
Year
2012 2030 2050
Global HFO 0.025 0.005 0.005
MGO 0.010 0.001 0.001
LNG 0 0 0
Detailed results
This section presents the emissions (million tonnes) per scenario for 2012, 2020 and 2050.
Table 69 – Scenarios 1 and 9 (RCP8.5, SSP5, high efficiency)
Greenhouse gases 2012 2020 2050
CO 2 low LNG 810 910 1,900
high LNG 810 890 1,800
CH 4 low LNG 0.02 0.26 2.10
high LNG 0.02 1.20 6.50
N 2 O low LNG 0.04 0.04 0.09
high LNG 0.04 0.04 0.09
HFC 37 40 79
PFC 0 0 0
SF 6 0 0 0
Other substances
NO x constant ECA 24 26 49
more ECAs 24 24 40
SO 2 constant ECA 5.90 3.90 2.30
more ECAs 5.90 3.40 1.50
PM constant ECA 1.70 1.30 1.80
more ECAs 1.70 1.10 1.20
NMVOC constant ECA 0.80 0.89 1.90
more ECAs 0.80 0.88 1.80
CO constant ECA 0.72 0.83 1.90
more ECAs 0.72 091 2.30