Nonlinear Fiber Optics - 4 ed. Agrawal

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References 77 3.10 An optical communication system is operating with chirped Gaussian input pulses. Assume β 3 = 0 and V ω ≪1 in Eq. (3.3.16) and obtain a condition on the bit rate in terms of the parameters C, β 2 , and L. References [1] I. N. Sisakyan and A. B. Shvartsburg, Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 14, 1146 (1984). [2] S. A. Akhmanov, V. A. Vysloukh, and A. S. Chirkin, Optics of Femtosecond Laser Pulses (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1992), Chap. 1. [3] G. P. Agrawal, in Supercontinuum Laser Source, R. R. Alfano, ed. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1989), Chap. 3. [4] C. G. B. Garrett and D. E. McCumber, Phys. Rev. A 1, 305 (1970). [5] H. G. Unger, Arch. Elecktron. Uebertragungstech. 31, 518 (1977). [6] M. Miyagi and S. Nishida, Appl. Opt. 18, 678 (1979). [7] D. Gloge, Electron. Lett. 15, 686 (1979). [8] D. Marcuse, Appl. Opt. 19, 1653 (1980). [9] D. Marcuse, Appl. Opt. 20, 3573 (1981). [10] K. Iwashita, K. Nakagawa, Y. Nakano, and Y. Suzuki, Electron. Lett. 18, 873 (1982). [11] C. Lin and A. Tomita, Electron. Lett. 19, 837 (1983). [12] D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and P. Anderson, Opt. Lett. 10, 134 (1985). [13] F. Koyama and Y. Suematsu, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21, 292 (1985). [14] K. Tajima and K. Washio, Opt. Lett. 10, 460 (1985). [15] A. Takada, T. Sugie, and M. Saruwatari, Electron. Lett. 21, 969 (1985). [16] G. P. Agrawal and M. J. Potasek, Opt. Lett. 11, 318 (1986). [17] D. Anderson and M. Lisak, Opt. Lett. 11, 569 (1986). [18] A. Jeffrey and D. Zwillinger, Eds., Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 6th ed. (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2003). [19] A. Takada, T. Sugie, and M. Saruwatari, J. Lightwave Technol. 5, 1525 (1987). [20] K. Iwatsuki, A. Takada, and M. Saruwatari, Electron. Lett. 24, 1572 (1988). [21] K. Iwatsuki, A. Takada, S. Nishi, and M. Saruwatari, Electron. Lett. 25, 1003 (1989). [22] M. Nakazawa, K. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, Opt. Lett. 15, 588 (1990). [23] R. T. Hawkins, Electron. Lett. 26, 292 (1990). [24] G. P. Agrawal and N. A. Olsson, Opt. Lett. 14, 500 (1989). [25] N. A. Olsson, G. P. Agrawal, and K. W. Wecht, Electron. Lett. 25, 603 (1989). [26] G. P. Agrawal and N. A. Olsson, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25, 2297 (1989). [27] D. M. Bloom, L. F. Mollenauer, C. Lin, D. W. Taylor, and A. M. DelGaudio, Opt. Lett. 4, 297 (1979). [28] G. P. Agrawal and N. K. Dutta, Semiconductor Lasers, 2nd ed. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993), Chap. 6. [29] G. P. Agrawal, Lightwave Technology: Telecommunication Systems (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005). [30] D. Anderson and M. Lisak, Phys. Rev. A 35, 184 (1987). [31] J. C. Diels, Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena (Academic Press, San Diego, 1996). [32] D. Meshulach, Y. Barad, and Y. Silberberg, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 2122 (1997). [33] D. T. Reid, W. Sibbett, J. M. Dudley, L. P. Barry, B. C. Thomsen, and J. D. Harvey, Appl. Opt. 37, 8142 (1998).
78 Chapter 3. Group-Velocity Dispersion [34] K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, and R. Trebino, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 1253 (1996). [35] D. J. Kane, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 421 (1999). [36] X. Gu, S. Akturk, A. Shreenath, Q. Cao, and R. Trebino, Opt. Rev. 11, 141 (2004). [37] J. M. Dudley, L. P. Barry, P. G. Bollond, J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, and P. D. Drummond, Opt. Lett. 22, 457 (1997). [38] J. M. Dudley, L. P. Barry, P. G. Bollond, J. D. Harvey, and R. Leonhardt, Opt. Fiber Technol. 4, 237 (1998). [39] F. G. Omenetto, B. P. Luce, D. Yarotski, and A. J. Taylor, Opt. Lett. 24, 1392 (1999). [40] N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, Opt. Express 8, 328 (2001). [41] J. M. Dudley, F. Gutty, S. Pitois, and G. Millot, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 37, 587 (2001). [42] C. Finot, G. Millot, S. Pitois, C. Bille, and J. M. Dudley, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 1211 (2004). [43] R. G. M. P. Koumans and A. Yariv, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 137 (2000); IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 666 (2000). [44] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems (Wiley, New York, 2002). [45] A. H. Gnauck and R. M. Jopson, Optical Fiber Telecommunications III, I. P. Kaminow and T. L. Koch, Eds. (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1997), Chap. 7. [46] C. C. Chang, A. M. Weiner, A. M. Vengsarakar, and D. W. Peckham, Opt. Lett. 21, 1141 (1996). [47] S. Kawanishi, H. Takara, O. Kamatani, T. Morioka, and M. Saruwatari, Electron. Lett. 32, 470 (1996). [48] S. Kawanishi, H. Takara, T. Morioka, O. Kamatani, K. Takiguchi, T. Kitoh, and M. Saruwatari, Electron. Lett. 32, 916 (1996). [49] K. Takiguchi, S. Kawanishi, H. Takara, K. Okamoto, and Y. Ohmori, Electron. Lett. 32, 755 (1996). [50] C. C. Chang and A. M. Weiner, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33, 1455 (1997). [51] C. C. Chang, H. P. Sardesai, and A. M. Weiner, Opt. Lett. 23, 283 (1998). [52] S. Shen and A. M. Weiner, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 827 (1999). [53] T. Yamamoto, E. Yoshida, K. R. Tamura, K. Yonenaga, and M. Nakazawa, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 353 (2000). [54] F. Futami, K. Taira, K. Kikuchi, and A. Suzuki, Electron. Lett. 35, 2221 (1999). [55] M. D. Pelusi, F. Futami, K. Kikuchi, and A. Suzuki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 795 (2000). [56] T. Yamamoto and M. Nakazawa, Opt. Lett. 26, 647 (2001).
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Preface Since the publication of th
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Chapter 1 Introduction This introdu
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1.2. Fiber Characteristics 3 Figure
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1.2. Fiber Characteristics 7 1.49 1
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1.2. Fiber Characteristics 11 faste
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1.3. Fiber Nonlinearities 13 Figure
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1.3. Fiber Nonlinearities 15 Sectio
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1.3. Fiber Nonlinearities 17 1.3.3
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1.4. Overview 19 briefly. The last
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References 21 1.11 Equation (1.3.2)
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References 23 [63] M. Ibanescu, Y.
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Chapter 2 Pulse Propagation in Fibe
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Page 56 and 57: Chapter 3 Group-Velocity Dispersion
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Page 84 and 85: Chapter 4 Self-Phase Modulation An
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Page 120 and 121: Problems 115 4.2 Plot the spectrum
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5.1. Modulation Instability 127 Fig
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5.2. Fiber Solitons 129 Figure 5.5:
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5.2. Fiber Solitons 131 and write i
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5.2. Fiber Solitons 133 Physically,
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5.3. Other Types of Solitons 141 1
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5.3. Other Types of Solitons 143 pr
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5.3. Other Types of Solitons 145 Th
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5.4. Perturbation of Solitons 147 w
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5.4. Perturbation of Solitons 149 w
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5.4. Perturbation of Solitons 151 t
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5.4. Perturbation of Solitons 153 b
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5.4. Perturbation of Solitons 155 F
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 157 where
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 159 Figur
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 161 1 N =
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 163 Integ
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 165 Figur
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5.5. Higher-Order Effects 167 that
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Problems 169 Problems 5.1 Solve Eq.
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References 171 [27] E. Brainis, D.
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References 173 [93] L. F. Mollenaue
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References 175 [165] V. V. Afanasje
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Chapter 6 Polarization Effects As d
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6.1. Nonlinear Birefringence 179 wh
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6.1. Nonlinear Birefringence 181 re
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6.2. Nonlinear Phase Shift 183 dA y
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6.2. Nonlinear Phase Shift 185 wher
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6.2. Nonlinear Phase Shift 187 side
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6.3. Evolution of Polarization Stat
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6.4. Vector Modulation Instability
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6.5. Birefringence and Solitons 207
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6.6. Random Birefringence 213 where
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6.6. Random Birefringence 215 PMD,
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6.6. Random Birefringence 217 As in
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6.6. Random Birefringence 219 Figur
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References 221 6.9 Derive the dispe
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References 223 [63] P. Kockaert, M.
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References 225 [140] A. El Amari, N
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7.1. XPM-Induced Nonlinear Coupling
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7.2. XPM-Induced Modulation Instabi
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7.2. XPM-Induced Modulation Instabi
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7.3. XPM-Paired Solitons 233 This t
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7.3. XPM-Paired Solitons 235 The co
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7.3. XPM-Paired Solitons 237 It is
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7.4. Spectral and Temporal Effects
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7.5. Applications of XPM 249 Probe
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7.5. Applications of XPM 251 by hig
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7.5. Applications of XPM 253 Figure
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7.6. Polarization Effects 255 where
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7.6. Polarization Effects 257 Figur
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7.6. Polarization Effects 259 1 0.8
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7.6. Polarization Effects 261 4 Pum
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7.6. Polarization Effects 263 Figur
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7.7. XPM Effects in Birefringent Fi
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7.7. XPM Effects in Birefringent Fi
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Problems 269 7.2 Derive the dispers
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References 271 [33] M. Lisak, A. H
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References 273 [105] B. V. Vu, A. S
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8.1. Basic Concepts 275 Figure 8.1:
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8.1. Basic Concepts 277 set of two
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8.1. Basic Concepts 279 10 mW. Howe
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8.1. Basic Concepts 281 0.5 Raman R
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8.2. Quasi-Continuous SRS 283 four
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8.2. Quasi-Continuous SRS 285 Figur
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8.2. Quasi-Continuous SRS 291 wavel
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8.2. Quasi-Continuous SRS 293 1 0.8
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8.3. SRS with Short Pump Pulses 295
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8.4. Soliton Effects 307 Figure 8.1
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8.4. Soliton Effects 313 ton laser
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8.5. Polarization Effects 315 maxim
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8.5. Polarization Effects 317 where
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8.5. Polarization Effects 319 and s
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Problems 321 Figure 8.25: (a) Avera
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References 323 [4] W. Kaiser and M
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References 325 [75] M. Nakazawa, T.
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References 327 [144] V. I. Kruglov,
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Chapter 9 Stimulated Brillouin Scat
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9.1. Basic Concepts 331 Figure 9.1:
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9.2. Quasi-CW SBS 333 [20]. A part
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9.2. Quasi-CW SBS 335 (see Figure 8
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9.2. Quasi-CW SBS 337 pseudorandom
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9.2. Quasi-CW SBS 339 Figure 9.4: S
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9.3. Brillouin Fiber Amplifiers 341
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9.3. Brillouin Fiber Amplifiers 343
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9.4. SBS Dynamics 345 9.4.1 Coupled
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9.4. SBS Dynamics 347 Pump Power (k
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9.4. SBS Dynamics 349 Figure 9.11:
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9.4. SBS Dynamics 351 Δn SBS . If
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9.5. Brillouin Fiber Lasers 357 Fig
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9.5. Brillouin Fiber Lasers 359 Fig
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9.5. Brillouin Fiber Lasers 361 rin
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References 363 9.4 Estimate SBS thr
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References 365 [47] Y.-X. Fan, F.-Y
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References 367 [119] R. G. Harrison
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10.1. Origin of Four-Wave Mixing 36
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10.2. Theory of Four-Wave Mixing 37
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10.3. Phase-Matching Techniques 377
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10.4. Parametric Amplification 387
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10.5. Polarization Effects 401 Bril
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10.5. Polarization Effects 403 foll
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10.5. Polarization Effects 405 Jone
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10.5. Polarization Effects 407 to s
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10.5. Polarization Effects 409 Figu
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10.6. Applications of Four-Wave Mix
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Problems 417 Figure 10.24: Output s
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References 419 [5] R. W. Boyd, Nonl
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References 421 [79] A. Durécu-Legr
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References 423 [140] M. D. Levenson
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11.1. Nonlinear Parameter 425 11.1.
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11.1. Nonlinear Parameter 427 Figur
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11.1. Nonlinear Parameter 433 when
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11.2. Fibers with Silica Cladding 4
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11.3. Tapered Fibers with Air Cladd
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11.3. Tapered Fibers with Air Cladd
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11.4. Microstructured Fibers 441 he
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11.4. Microstructured Fibers 443 Ef
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11.5. Non-Silica Fibers 445 0.05 0.
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11.5. Non-Silica Fibers 447 Figure
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References 449 wavelength range of
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References 451 [57] H. Yokota, E. S
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Chapter 12 Novel Nonlinear Phenomen
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12.1. Intrapulse Raman Scattering 4
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12.2. Four-Wave Mixing 465 Figure 1
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12.2. Four-Wave Mixing 467 Figure 1
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12.3. Supercontinuum Generation 469
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12.4. Temporal and Spectral Evoluti
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12.5. Harmonic Generation 495 Figur
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12.5. Harmonic Generation 497 traps
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12.5. Harmonic Generation 501 analy
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12.5. Harmonic Generation 505 The p
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References 507 12.6 Derive an expre
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References 509 [45] J. E. Sharping,
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References 511 [111] J. Y. Y. Leong
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References 513 [180] A. L. Calvez,
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Appendix A 515 converted into decib
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Appendix B 517 % This code solves t
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Appendix C List of Acronyms Each sc
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Index acoustic response function, 4
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Index 523 distributed fiber sensors
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Index 525 four-photon, 412 gain-swi
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Index 527 Raman amplification with,
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Index 529 spectral hole burning, 36
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