9%20ECOGRAFIA%20ABDOMINAL%20COMO%20CUANDO%20DONDE

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ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND
A
B
C
D
Figure 6.3 Lymphoma: (A) Small, focal lesion in a normal-sized spleen. (B) Enlarged, hyperechoic spleen with a
hypoechoic focal lesion (arrow). (C) Enlarged, coarse-textured spleen containing multiple tiny lymphomatous lesions.
(D) Extensive lymphadenopathy in the epigastric region.
these are microscopic and not amenable to radiological
imaging.
The most commonly found splenic metastases
on ultrasound are from lymphoma, but may occur
with any primary cancer. Intrasplenic deposits are
more likely in later-stage disease and favour
melanoma, pulmonary, ovarian or breast primaries.
As with liver metastases, the ultrasound appearances
vary enormously, ranging from hypo- to
hyperechogenic or of mixed pattern (Fig. 6.4).
They may be solitary, multiple or diffusely infiltrative,
giving a coarse echo-pattern. 8
Leukaemia
Leukaemia (literally meaning ‘white blood’, from
the Greek) is characterized by an increased number
of malignant white blood cells. Unlike lymphoma,
which affects the lymphatic system, leukaemia
affects the circulation.
There are two main types, myeloid and lymphoid,
both of which can be either acute or chronic.
The bone marrow becomes infiltrated with
malignant cells which cause the blood to have
increasing levels of immature blood cells.