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THE PAEDIATRIC ABDOMEN 235 A B C D Figure 9.14 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. (A) Normal pylorus demonstrating measurement of length of pyloric canal and thickness of the muscle. (B) A few minutes later the pylorus relaxed and opened widely, excluding the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. (C) Thickened and elongated pylorus of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis seen in longitudinal section. S represents a fluid-filled stomach. (D) TS view of the thickened pylorus. (E) Demonstrates the measurements of pyloric length, muscle thickness and pyloric width. E
236 ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND The main contraindications to attempting a nonsurgical reduction are peritonitis and free intraperitoneal air. A number of sonographic features have been reported to be associated with a decreased success rate of non-surgical reduction, including a hypoechoic rim greater than 10 mm, absent blood flow on colour flow Doppler sonography, or a large amount of fluid trapped within the intussusception, but these findings are not contraindications to a careful attempt at non-surgical reduction. 32 Approximately 10% of cases recur whether the initial intussuception was treated surgically or non-surgically. Midgut volvulus Malrotation of the midgut occurs as a result of failure of normal rotation of the small bowel during intrauterine development, resulting in a shortened A C Figure 9.15 Intussusception. (A) The characteristic appearance of bowel within bowel due to an intussusception. (B) Dilated, fluid-filled loops of obstructed bowel are seen proximal to the intussusception. (C) Air enema; the intussusceptum is seen indenting into the lumen of the air-filled sigmoid colon during a successful air enema reduction (arrow). B
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Abdominal Ultrasound
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Abdominal Ultrasound How, Why and W
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v Contents Contributors Preface ix
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vii Contributors Rosemary Arthur FR
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ix Preface Ultrasound continues to
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ABBREVIATIONS xi MHA MHV MI MPV MRA
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Chapter 1 1 Optimizing the diagnost
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OPTIMIZING THE DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATI
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Chapter 2 17 The normal hepatobilia
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THE NORMAL HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM 19
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Chapter 3 41 Pathology of the gallb
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PATHOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BI
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Chapter 4 79 Pathology of the liver
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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER AND PORTAL V
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Chapter 5 121 The pancreas CHAPTER
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THE PANCREAS 123 the patient’s le
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THE PANCREAS 125 Acute pancreatitis
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THE PANCREAS 127 E F G Figure 5.3 c
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A C DISTANCE = 3.43 CM 5%. 13 Over
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THE PANCREAS 131 G H I Figure 5.5 c
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THE PANCREAS 133 head of pancreas.
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THE PANCREAS 135 pancreatic juice i
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Chapter 6 137 The spleen and lympha
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THE SPLEEN AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 139
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Chapter 7 153 The renal tract CHAPT
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THE RENAL TRACT 155 As with any oth
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THE RENAL TRACT 157 A B q 0 LRA AO
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THE RENAL TRACT 159 junctions of or
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THE RENAL TRACT 161 A B Figure 7.5
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THE RENAL TRACT 163 carcinomas, the
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THE RENAL TRACT 165 the vesicourete
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THE RENAL TRACT 167 Table 7.1 Sourc
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THE RENAL TRACT 169 A B Figure 7.13
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THE RENAL TRACT 171 Table 7.2 Diffe
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THE RENAL TRACT 173 Ultrasound stil
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THE RENAL TRACT 175 CT is useful fo
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THE RENAL TRACT 177 Xanthogranuloma
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THE RENAL TRACT 179 As with acute t
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THE RENAL TRACT 181 der with increa
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THE RENAL TRACT 183 ● ● Morphol
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Page 208 and 209: Chapter 8 195 The retroperitoneum a
Page 210 and 211: THE RETROPERITONEUM AND GASTROINTES
Page 228 and 229: Chapter 9 215 The paediatric abdome
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Page 256 and 257: Chapter 10 The acute abdomen 243 CH
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Page 268 and 269: INTERVENTIONAL AND OTHER TECHNIQUES
Page 288 and 289: 275 Bibliography and further readin
Page 290 and 291: 277 Index A Abdomen, acute gastroin
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Page 294 and 295: INDEX 281 Intravenous urography (IV
Page 296 and 297: INDEX 283 Phrygian cap, 29 Pneumobi
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