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THE RETROPERITONEUM AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 213 A C Figure 8.16 (A) Late-stage breast carcinoma demonstrates abdominal ascites with a hyperechoic omental cake of metastatic deposit in the left upper quadrant (LUQ). (B) A large, irregular omental deposit from ovarian carcinoma was palpable during the scan. (C) Retroperitoneal metastases from a teratoma. B A B Figure 8.17 (A) Enlarged lymph node anterior to the aorta (arrow). (B) Lymphadenopathy may be the cause of obstructive jaundice.
214 ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND References 1. Russel JGB. 1990 Is screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms worthwhile? Clinical Radiology 41: 182–184. 2. Scott RAP, Wilson NM, Ashton HA, Kay DN. 1995 Influence of screening on the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: 5-year results of a randomized controlled study. British Journal of Surgery 82: 1066–1070. 3. Fisher D, Lord R. 2003 Does ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm improve mortality in men over 65? Journal of Family Practitioners 52: 272. 4. Mingoli A, Cavallaro A, Sapienza P et al. 1996 International registry of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma: analysis of a world series on 218 patients. Anticancer Research 16: 3201–3205. 5. Singh-Panghaal S, Karcnik TJ, Wachsberg RH, Baker SR. 1997 Inferior vena caval leiomyosarcoma: diagnosis and biopsy with colour Doppler sonography. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 25: 275–278. 6. Marchal G, Gelin J, Verbeken E et al. 1986 Highresolution real-time sonography of the adrenal glands. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 5: 65–68. 7. Bates JA, Irving HC. 1989 Adrenal sonography. Electro Medica 2: 70–75. 8. Kasperlik-Zaluska AA, Rosslonowska E, Slowinska- Srzednicka J et al. 1997 Incidentally discovered adrenal mass (incidentaloma): investigation and management of 208 patients. Clinical Endocrinology 46: 29–37. 9. Ng L, Libertino JM. 2003 Adrenocortical carcinoma: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. Journal of Urology 169: 5–11. 10. Wood BJ, Abraham J, Hvizda JL et al. 2003 Radiofrequency ablation of adrenal tumours and adrenocortical carcinoma metastases. Cancer 1: 554–560. 11. O’Malley M, Wilson S. 2003 Ultrasound of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities with CT correlation. Radiographics 23: 59–72. 12. Dye CE, Waxman I. 2002 Endoscopic ultrasound. Gastroenterologic Clinics of North America 31: 863–879. 13. Yong AA, Roberts SA. 2003 Interventional endoscopic ultrasound. Clinical Radiology 58: 32–43. 14. Tous F, Busto M. 1997 Assessment of abdominal sonography in the diagnosis of tumours of the gastroduodenal tract. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 25: 243–247. 15. Zeidan BS, Wasser T, Nicholas GG. 1997 Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 42: 24–26. 16. McLoughlin RF, Downey DR, Rizkalla KS. 1996 Sonography of intestinal abnormality in the right iliac fossa. American Journal of Roentgenology 167: 1473–1476. 17. Deehan DJ, Heys SD, Brittenden J, Eremin O. 1995 Mesenteric ischaemia: prognostic factors and influence of delay upon outcome. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 40: 112–115. 18. Hoogenburg K, Van-Essen LH, Van Den Dungen JJAM et al. 1995 Chronic mesenteric ischaemia: diagnostic challenges and treatment options. Journal of Internal Medicine 237: 293–299. 19. Danse EM, Van Beers BE, Goffette P et al. 1996 Acute intestinal ischaemia due to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: detection with Doppler sonography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 15: 323–326. 20. Roobottom CA, Dubbins PA. 1993 Significant disease of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries in asymptomatic patients: predictive value of Doppler sonography. American Journal of Roentgenology 161: 985–988. 21. Nichols S, Windeler H. 1995 Duplex scanning in diagnosis of mesenteric insuficiency. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 11: 120–127. 22. Carucci LR, Levine MS. 2002 Radiographic imaging of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 31: 93–117. 23. Andreoli A, Cerro P, Flasco G. 1998 Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn’s disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 93: 1117–1121. 24. Heyne R, Rickes S, Bock P et al. 2002 Non-invasive evaluation of activity in inflammatory bowel disease by Doppler sonography. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 40: 171–175. 25. Erden A, Cumhur T, Olcer T. 1997 Superior mesenteric artery Doppler waveform changes in response to inflammation of the ileocecal region. Abdominal Imaging 22: 483–486. 26. Van Oostayen JA, Wasser MNJM, Van Hogezand RA et al. 1997 Doppler sonography evaluation of superior mesenteric artery flow to assess Crohn’s disease activity: correlation with clinical evaluation, Crohn’s disease activity index and alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance in feces. American Journal of Roentgenology 168: 429–433. 27. Ogata M, Mateer JR, Condon RE. 1996 Prospective evaluation of abdominal sonography for the diagnosis of bowel obstruction. Annals of Surgery 223: 237–241.
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Abdominal Ultrasound
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Abdominal Ultrasound How, Why and W
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v Contents Contributors Preface ix
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vii Contributors Rosemary Arthur FR
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ix Preface Ultrasound continues to
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ABBREVIATIONS xi MHA MHV MI MPV MRA
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Chapter 1 1 Optimizing the diagnost
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OPTIMIZING THE DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATI
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Chapter 2 17 The normal hepatobilia
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THE NORMAL HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM 19
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Chapter 3 41 Pathology of the gallb
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PATHOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BI
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Chapter 4 79 Pathology of the liver
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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER AND PORTAL V
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Chapter 5 121 The pancreas CHAPTER
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THE PANCREAS 123 the patient’s le
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THE PANCREAS 125 Acute pancreatitis
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THE PANCREAS 127 E F G Figure 5.3 c
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A C DISTANCE = 3.43 CM 5%. 13 Over
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THE PANCREAS 131 G H I Figure 5.5 c
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THE PANCREAS 133 head of pancreas.
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THE PANCREAS 135 pancreatic juice i
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Chapter 6 137 The spleen and lympha
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THE SPLEEN AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 139
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Chapter 7 153 The renal tract CHAPT
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THE RENAL TRACT 155 As with any oth
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THE RENAL TRACT 157 A B q 0 LRA AO
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THE RENAL TRACT 159 junctions of or
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THE RENAL TRACT 161 A B Figure 7.5
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Page 178 and 179: THE RENAL TRACT 165 the vesicourete
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Page 182 and 183: THE RENAL TRACT 169 A B Figure 7.13
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Page 186 and 187: THE RENAL TRACT 173 Ultrasound stil
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Page 190 and 191: THE RENAL TRACT 177 Xanthogranuloma
Page 192 and 193: THE RENAL TRACT 179 As with acute t
Page 194 and 195: THE RENAL TRACT 181 der with increa
Page 196 and 197: THE RENAL TRACT 183 ● ● Morphol
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Page 200 and 201: THE RENAL TRACT 187 A Figure 7.27 A
Page 202 and 203: THE RENAL TRACT 189 vascular reject
Page 204 and 205: THE RENAL TRACT 191 B A C Figure 7.
Page 206 and 207: THE RENAL TRACT 193 computerised ul
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Page 210 and 211: THE RETROPERITONEUM AND GASTROINTES
Page 228 and 229: Chapter 9 215 The paediatric abdome
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Page 232 and 233: THE PAEDIATRIC ABDOMEN 219 B A B Fi
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Page 264 and 265: THE ACUTE ABDOMEN 251 17. Patlas M,
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Page 268 and 269: INTERVENTIONAL AND OTHER TECHNIQUES
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INTERVENTIONAL AND OTHER TECHNIQUES
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275 Bibliography and further readin
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277 Index A Abdomen, acute gastroin
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INDEX 279 Continuous ambulatory per
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INDEX 281 Intravenous urography (IV
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INDEX 283 Phrygian cap, 29 Pneumobi
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