Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Disconnection References ITEM YES NO N/A NOTES Are site factors conducive to disconnection (infiltrationrelated factors? slope? other?) Is proposed development type (e.g., residential, commercial) conducive to disconnection? Free of hot spots? Are there any municipal ordinance provisions, obstacles, and opportunities for disconnection? Have potential disconnection runoff sources been adequately reviewed/utilized in terms of proposed plan? Have potential disconnection management measures been used/exploited for all potential sources? Have Criteria and Credits specifications for both rooftop and non-rooftop sources of disconnection been satisfied? Have disconnection calculation credits been properly entered, as specified in Criteria and Credits? Coffman, Larry. Low Impact Development Design Strategies: An Integrated Design Approach. EPA 841 B 00 0023. Prince George’s County, MD: Department of Environmental Resources, Programs and Planning, 2000. Downspout Disconnection Program, 2006. Portland, OR: Portland Bureau of Environmental Services, 2006. Low-Impact Development Design Strategies: An Integrated Design Approach. Prince George’s County, MD: Maryland Department of Environmental Resources Programs and Planning Division, June 1999. Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Practices Manual. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, December 2006. Reducing Stormwater Costs through Low Impact Development (LID) Strategies and Practices. PA 841-F-07-006. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 2007. Rooftops to Rivers: A Policy Guide for Decision Makers on How to Use Green Infrastructure to Address Water Quality and Volume Reduction for Communities with Combined Sewer Overflow Issues. Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, June 2006. www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/rooftops/contents.asp Shaver, Earl. Low Impact Design Manual for the Auckland Regional Council. New Zealand: Auckland Regional Council, April 2000. Urbanization and Streams: Studies of Hydrologic Impacts. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 6 Page 120
Chapter 7 Structural Best Management Practices This chapter focuses on structural Best Management Practices (BMPs), Step 8 of the site design process for LID described in Chapter 5. The work of Step 8 is to figure out the most cost effective and environmentally sound array of structural BMPs needed to accomplish LID goals, once nonstructural BMPs have been applied. This chapter provides guidance on selecting the proper BMPs for a site. Specifically, this chapter: • Discusses the BMP selection process, including a matrix that compares the key applications and functions of each BMP, • Discusses cold climate considerations, • Provides overviews of the BMP in fact sheets, and • Discusses detailed information for each BMP such as design considerations, construction guidelines, stormwater calculations, and maintenance and cost information. This chapter also contains structural BMPs that may not traditionally be viewed as low impact development, such as water quality devices or retention basins. However, having all available BMPs listed in this manual may be helpful to municipalities or other regulatory agencies that may use the LID manual as their design guidance that accompanies a stormwater regulation. BMP Selection Process LID involves planning efforts that first prevent as much stormwater runoff as possible on a site (Chapter 6) and then mitigate stormwater runoff as efficiently as possible (Chapter 7). Selecting BMPs which accomplish as many stormwater functions as possible is important. At the same time, meeting a certain function or level of pollution control (Chapter 9) can require multiple BMPs integrated at the site, thus creating a “treatment train.” Such treatment trains direct stormwater to or through multiple BMPs in order to achieve quantity and/or quality stormwater management objectives. In addition, implementing BMPs as part of a treatment train can also provide a level of backup and needed redundancy, which provides additional assurance if one BMP does not work as designed (e.g., maintenance problems, large storm event). Some BMPs are more readily linked to other BMPs, better lending themselves to treatment train configurations. For example, water quality devices and constructed filters are often used in treatment trains to pre-treat runoff before entering different types of infiltration-driven BMPs. In addition, vegetated swales and vegetated filter strips link well with infiltration systems, rain gardens, wet ponds, and constructed wetlands in treatment trains. How many of what BMPs should go where? Not all structural BMPs are appropriate for each land development at each site across Michigan’s many communities. The selection process of the large array of structural BMPs can be complex, as multiple factors are juggled. The successful design process requires balancing technical and nontechnical factors summarized in Figure 7.1. In order to assist communities in quickly comparing the BMPs, Table 7.1 provides summary information on potential applications, stormwater quality and quantity functions, cost, maintenance, and winter performance for each BMP. Lawrence Technological University green roof, Southfield, MI Source: Lawrence Technological University LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 121
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Page 82 and 83: Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
Page 84 and 85: 4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
Page 86 and 87: References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
Page 88 and 89: Case Study: Longmeadow Development
Page 90 and 91: Applications Minimizing the total d
Page 92 and 93: Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
Page 94 and 95: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 6
Page 96 and 97: Case Study: Marywood Health Center
Page 98 and 99: Design Considerations 1. Identify n
Page 100 and 101: References Center for Watershed Pro
Page 102 and 103: Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
Page 104 and 105: Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
Page 106 and 107: • Limit clearing and grading of f
Page 108 and 109: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 6
Page 110 and 111: Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
Page 112 and 113: Protection of sensitive areas in re
Page 114 and 115: then weightings of potential develo
Page 116 and 117: Floodplains • Design the project
Page 118 and 119: References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
Page 120 and 121: Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
Page 122 and 123: Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
Page 124 and 125: Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Page 128 and 129: Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
Page 130 and 131: In addition to directing runoff to
Page 134 and 135: Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
Page 136 and 137: Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
Page 138 and 139: In general, the techniques describe
Page 140 and 141: Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
Page 142 and 143: Maintenance Provides guidance on re
Page 144 and 145: Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
Page 146 and 147: Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
Page 148 and 149: Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
Page 150 and 151: Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
Page 152 and 153: Design Considerations Bioretention
Page 154 and 155: 7. Planting periods will vary but,
Page 156 and 157: Construction Guidelines The followi
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Page 160 and 161: Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
Page 162 and 163: Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
Page 164 and 165: Design Considerations Design and in
Page 166 and 167: the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
Page 168 and 169: References “Black Vertical Storag
Page 170 and 171: Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
Page 172 and 173: Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
Page 174 and 175: Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
Page 176 and 177: would modestly increase constructio
Page 178 and 179: During inspection the following con
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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• Major compaction - Deep compact
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e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
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slope needs to be determined. This
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Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
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Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
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• Guidance information, usually i
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Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
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Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
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Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
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Over a period of time roots can dam
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Technical requirements Root resista
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
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Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
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Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
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Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
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Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Maintenance is crucial to the effec
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Roadway design, construction, and m
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• Vegetated systems such as grass
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Of the options explored, the study
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Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
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Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Construction on the project began i
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The following are examples of imple
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Horizontal grates can be added to a
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East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
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Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
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References AASHTO Center for Enviro
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LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
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Flood control Flood control is base
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Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
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Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
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The Curve Number Method is less acc
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I = the average rainfall intensity
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Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
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• Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
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FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Excessively drained soils may requi
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Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
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WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
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WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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