Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Water quality improvement Landscape restoration using native species, which includes minimizing disturbance and maintenance, improves water quality preventively by minimizing application of fertilizers and pesticides. Avoiding this nonpoint pollutant source is an important water quality objective. See Chapter 9 for Water Quality Improvement methodology, which addresses the pollutant removal effectiveness of this BMP. Cost Cost estimates in Michigan for various aspects of native landscaping, including material and installation costs, are the following: • $1,000-$2,500/acre for prairie installation or woodland understory installation • $1,800-$2,600/acre for bare-root tree installation (10-foot spacing) • $10-$20/plant for gallon-potted native perennial • $2.50-$3.50/plant for plug-sized native perennial • $250-$400/tree for balled-and-burlap tree installation Costs for meadow re-establishment are lower than those for woodland, largely due to the need for tree installation. Again, such costs can be expected to be greater than installing a conventional lawn (seeding and mulching), although installation cost differences diminish when conventional lawn seeding is redefined in terms of conventional planting beds. Cost differentials grow greater when longer term operating and maintenance costs are taken into consideration. If lawn mowing can be eliminated, or even reduced significantly to a once per year requirement, substantial maintenance cost savings result, often in excess of $2,000-$3,000 per acre per year. If chemical application (fertilization, pesticides, etc.) can be eliminated, substantial additional savings result with use of native species. These reductions in annual maintenance costs resulting from a native landscape re-establishment very quickly outweigh any increased installation costs that are required at project initiation. The aesthetic, water quality, and environmental protection benefits of native landscaping are clear. Nonetheless, implementation is often hindered because parties paying the higher up-front costs (usually the developer) are different than the parties reaping the benefits of reduced maintenance costs. Overcoming this impediment involves recognizing that native landscaping is another part of the “infrastructure” that communities must build into design in order to achieve the desired outcome of appearance and water quality protection. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 238
Criteria to receive credits for Native Revegetation To receive credit for native revegetation under a location regulation, the following criteria must be met: Area is protected by clearly showing the limits of disturbance on all construction drawings and delineated in the field. Area to receive credit for trees is 200 square feet per tree or the estimated tree canopy, whichever is greater. Area to receive credit for shrubs is 25 square feet per shrub. Area is located on the development project. Area has a maintenance plan that includes weeding and watering requirements from initial installation through ongoing maintenance. Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Native Revegetation ITEM YES NO N/A NOTES Avoidance of stormwater concentration as much as practical? Soil erodibility considered? Slope considered and appropriate? Existing and surrounding vegetation assessed, including desirable, sensitive, and non-native species? Site mapped? Does the design meet all stakeholder objectives, including stormwater, habitat, aesthetics, and timeframe for establishment? Does the soil require amendment? Erosion control matting, compost blankets, etc. provided as needed? Feasible construction process and sequence? Short and long-term maintenance accounted for and plan provided? LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 239
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
Page 200 and 201: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
Page 202 and 203: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
Page 204 and 205: References AMEC Earth and Environme
Page 206 and 207: Key Design Features • Depth to wa
Page 208 and 209: Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
Page 210 and 211: Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
Page 212 and 213: Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
Page 214 and 215: • The soil mantle should be prese
Page 216 and 217: Additional design considerations fo
Page 218 and 219: • Though roofs are generally not
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Page 222 and 223: Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
Page 224 and 225: • Protect the infiltration area f
Page 226 and 227: Additional Construction Guidelines
Page 228 and 229: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
Page 230 and 231: References AMEC Earth and Environme
Page 232 and 233: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 234 and 235: Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
Page 236 and 237: Design Considerations Level spreade
Page 238 and 239: 3. Inspect the filter strip and the
Page 240 and 241: References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
Page 242 and 243: Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
Page 244 and 245: Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
Page 246 and 247: Applications • Residential - Nati
Page 248 and 249: 5. Amend soil: In those sites where
Page 252 and 253: References Arendt, R. Growing Green
Page 254 and 255: Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
Page 256 and 257: Staging, construction practices, an
Page 258 and 259: Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
Page 260 and 261: 4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
Page 262 and 263: 12. Proper pervious pavement applic
Page 264 and 265: Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
Page 266 and 267: Repairs • Surface should never be
Page 268 and 269: References Adams, Michele. “Porou
Page 270 and 271: Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
Page 272 and 273: Native vegetation should be used in
Page 274 and 275: Design Considerations • Suggested
Page 276 and 277: oxes, etc. should be installed in a
Page 278 and 279: References Stormwater Management Gu
Page 280 and 281: Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
Page 282 and 283: Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
Page 284 and 285: 3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Page 288 and 289: Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
Page 290 and 291: 4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
Page 292 and 293: References Alliance for the Chesape
Page 294 and 295: Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
Page 296 and 297: • Major compaction - Deep compact
Page 298 and 299: e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
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slope needs to be determined. This
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Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
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Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
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• Guidance information, usually i
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Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
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Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
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Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
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Over a period of time roots can dam
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Technical requirements Root resista
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
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Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
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Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
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Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
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Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Maintenance is crucial to the effec
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Roadway design, construction, and m
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• Vegetated systems such as grass
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Of the options explored, the study
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Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
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Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Construction on the project began i
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The following are examples of imple
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Horizontal grates can be added to a
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East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
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Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
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References AASHTO Center for Enviro
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LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
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Flood control Flood control is base
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Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
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Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
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The Curve Number Method is less acc
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I = the average rainfall intensity
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Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
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• Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
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FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Excessively drained soils may requi
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Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
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WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
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WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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