Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Surface non-vegetated filter A surface non-vegetated filter is constructed by excavation or by use of a structural container. The surface may be covered in gravel, sand, peat, river stone, or similar material. Sand filter under construction Source: University of Minnesota, NERC Surface vegetated filter A layer of vegetation is planted on top of the filtering medium (Figure 7.17). Compost-amended soil may serve as a filter medium. (See soil restoration BMP for precautions about compost materials, to prevent exporting phosphorus from the filter.) For filters composed of filtering media such as sand (where topsoil is required for vegetation), a layer of nonwoven, permeable geotextile should separate the topsoil and vegetation from the filter media. Surface contained filter In contained filters, infiltration is not incorporated into the design. Contained filters may consist of a physical structure, such as a precast concrete box, or they may be excavated chambers or trenches. For excavated contained filters, an impermeable liner is added to the bottom of the excavation to convey the filtered runoff downstream. Surface contained filter Source: Portland, OR BMP Manual Surface linear “perimeter” filter Perimeter filters may consist of enclosed chambers (such as trench drains) that run along the perimeter of an impervious surface. Perimeter filters may also be constructed by excavation, and be vegetated. All perimeter filters must be designed with the necessary filter medium and sized in accordance with the drainage area. Linear perimeter filter in trench drain Source: Georgia Stormwater BMP Manual LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 160
Small subsurface filter A small subsurface filter (Figure 7.19) is an inlet designed to treat runoff at the collection source. Small subsurface filters are useful for hot spot pretreatment and are similar in function to water quality inlets/inserts. Small subsurface filters must be carefully designed and maintained so that runoff is directed through the filter media (see design considerations). Figure 7.19 Small subsurface filter Source: Pennsylvania Stormwater BMP Manual LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 161
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
Page 122 and 123: Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
Page 124 and 125: Parking Parking lots often comprise
Page 126 and 127: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
Page 128 and 129: Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
Page 130 and 131: In addition to directing runoff to
Page 132 and 133: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
Page 134 and 135: Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
Page 136 and 137: Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
Page 138 and 139: In general, the techniques describe
Page 140 and 141: Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
Page 142 and 143: Maintenance Provides guidance on re
Page 144 and 145: Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
Page 146 and 147: Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
Page 148 and 149: Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
Page 150 and 151: Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
Page 152 and 153: Design Considerations Bioretention
Page 154 and 155: 7. Planting periods will vary but,
Page 156 and 157: Construction Guidelines The followi
Page 158 and 159: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
Page 160 and 161: Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
Page 162 and 163: Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
Page 164 and 165: Design Considerations Design and in
Page 166 and 167: the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
Page 168 and 169: References “Black Vertical Storag
Page 170 and 171: Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
Page 174 and 175: Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
Page 176 and 177: would modestly increase constructio
Page 178 and 179: During inspection the following con
Page 180 and 181: References Atlanta Regional Commiss
Page 182 and 183: Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
Page 184 and 185: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 186 and 187: Variations For this manual, detenti
Page 188 and 189: Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
Page 190 and 191: surface into the pond to a maximum
Page 192 and 193: sink for pollutants and generally h
Page 194 and 195: The presettlement and post-developm
Page 196 and 197: wet pond and constructed wetland op
Page 198 and 199: ackfilling operation should driven
Page 200 and 201: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
Page 202 and 203: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
Page 204 and 205: References AMEC Earth and Environme
Page 206 and 207: Key Design Features • Depth to wa
Page 208 and 209: Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
Page 210 and 211: Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
Page 212 and 213: Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
Page 214 and 215: • The soil mantle should be prese
Page 216 and 217: Additional design considerations fo
Page 218 and 219: • Though roofs are generally not
Page 220 and 221: Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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• Major compaction - Deep compact
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e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
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slope needs to be determined. This
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Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
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Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
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• Guidance information, usually i
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Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
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Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
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Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
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Over a period of time roots can dam
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Technical requirements Root resista
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
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Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
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Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
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Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
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Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Maintenance is crucial to the effec
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Roadway design, construction, and m
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• Vegetated systems such as grass
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Of the options explored, the study
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Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
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Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Construction on the project began i
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The following are examples of imple
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Horizontal grates can be added to a
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East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
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Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
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References AASHTO Center for Enviro
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LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
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Flood control Flood control is base
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Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
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Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
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The Curve Number Method is less acc
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I = the average rainfall intensity
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Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
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• Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
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FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Excessively drained soils may requi
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Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
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WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
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WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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