Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Of the options explored, the study found the greatest water quality benefits when the first three quarters of the ditch were excavated and vegetation was retained in the remainder. The ditch treated in this manner was capable of reducing TSS by approximately 40 percent, total phosphorus by about 50 percent, and total and dissolved copper and zinc each by roughly 20 to 25 percent. Analysis of survey data also showed that bioswales with broad side slopes, wide bases, and total storage volumes equivalent to three inches of runoff from the impervious drainage area consistently supported good vegetation cover and showed few signs of damage. Refer to henvironment.transportation. org/environmental_issues/construct_maint_prac/ compendium/manual/10_11.aspx#tooltip. This approach may not be feasible for highways or other roadways with safety specifications for maximum depth of standing water in roadside ditches. • Incorporate native Michigan plants more comprehensively into roadside and median planting plans. MDOT has experimented with native plantings with mixed success (See www. forester.net/ec_0004_integrated.html). Some of the issues cited in the past – problems with seed availability and invasives control -- can be better addressed now because of increased expertise of local native plant nurseries and companies devoted to landscape restoration. • Limit the use of curb and gutter and storm sewer wherever possible. Where practical, particularly in areas with either well-draining soils or where there is sufficient fall to move water into swales and channels, runoff can be directed via sheet flow or to appropriately protected drainage features for storage and enhanced evapotranspiration and infiltration. Unprotected road edges are notoriously prone to cracking and crumbling. Where sheet flow moves over pavement edges, ribbon/flush curbing can be used to protect the pavement and help control drainage off the road surface. • Avoid discharging directly into a waterbody. Traditional approaches to stream channel and water quality protection include ending the pipe well uphill of the stream bank and lining the area between the end of the pipe and the stream bank with well-graded stone and/or a high velocity mulch blanket. LID approaches can accomplish better water quality and even some volume reduction California Department of Transportation (CalTrans) developed a roadside management toolbox, which is a Web-based decision making tool for improving the safety and maintenance requirements of roadsides. CalTrans formally adopted an integrated vegetative management strategy to reduce the need for ongoing vegetation management. The most inexpensive “tool” for minimizing long-term roadside vegetative maintenance is native landscaping at $2 to $10 per square yard. by discharging storm sewer and underdrains into vegetated areas, including constructed wetlands, bioretention/detention basins, and vegetated swales. These controls may sometimes be accomplished by acquiring land outside of the standard right of way. • Consider alternative methods of energy dissipation where existing land allows (in lieu of concrete or supplement rock pads). This can include tall, thick native plantings that act as a porous, “green” weir. (Figure 8.1) • Consider the use of infiltration berms and retentive grading in areas that slope down from the roadway (Figure 8.1 and Figure 8.2). Moderate-to high-level LID implementation • Incorporate street trees. Wherever possible, integrate street trees, particularly in urban and suburban areas. The use of structural soils in these areas allows for street side tree plantings that can thrive and also provide significant structural stability. These areas can accept sidewalk/rooftop and road drainage and provide an overstory for shading and rainfall capture. Structural soil is a designed planting medium which can meet pavement design and installation requirements, while remaining root penetrable. The Cornell Urban Horticultural Institute has developed the structural soil system. This system includes gap-graded gravels made of crushed stone, clay loam, and a hydrogel stabilizing agent. This system creates a rigid stone lattice with the voids partially filled by soil (Figure 8.3). • Use pervious pavement. Reducing impervious surfaces can also be accomplished by mixing impervious and pervious pavement types, textures, and colors. This juxtaposition of paving surfaces, textures, and colors can provide other benefits such as traffic calming or easy access to utilities. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 8 Page 340
Figure 8.1 Alternative outfall BMP using rock berm and alternating strips of native vegetation Source: Scaief, J. and Murphee, G., 2004 Figure 8.2 Mature rock berm and native vegetation filter berms Source: Scaief, J. and Murphee, G., 2004 LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 8 Page 341
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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• Major compaction - Deep compact
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e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Page 310 and 311: • Guidance information, usually i
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Page 314 and 315: Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
Page 316 and 317: Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
Page 318 and 319: Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
Page 320 and 321: Over a period of time roots can dam
Page 322 and 323: Technical requirements Root resista
Page 324 and 325: Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
Page 326 and 327: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
Page 328 and 329: Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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Page 334 and 335: Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
Page 336 and 337: Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Page 340 and 341: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 342 and 343: Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
Page 344 and 345: Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Page 348 and 349: Roadway design, construction, and m
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Page 364 and 365: East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
Page 366 and 367: Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
Page 368 and 369: References AASHTO Center for Enviro
Page 370 and 371: LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
Page 372 and 373: Flood control Flood control is base
Page 374 and 375: Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
Page 376 and 377: Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
Page 378 and 379: The Curve Number Method is less acc
Page 380 and 381: I = the average rainfall intensity
Page 382 and 383: Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
Page 384 and 385: • Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
Page 386 and 387: FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
Page 388 and 389: Excessively drained soils may requi
Page 390 and 391: Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
Page 392 and 393: WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
Page 394 and 395: WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
Page 396 and 397: WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
Page 398 and 399: Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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