Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Maintenance is crucial to the effectiveness of water quality devices. The more frequent a water quality insert is cleaned, the more effective it will be. One study (Pitt, 1985) found that water quality inserts can effectively store sediment up to 60 percent of their sump volumes. Once the stored volume exceeds 60 percent, the inflow re-suspends the sediments into the stormwater. Keeping a maintenance log of sediment amounts and dates removed is helpful in planning a maintenance schedule. Michigan law classifies wastes removed from storm sewers as liquid industrial waste. There are specific requirements for the proper transport and disposal of these wastes, which may include proper permitting and registration if the transporter is a private entity. Guid- If system is off-line, adequate flow diversion system? ITEM YES NO N/A NOTES If system is on-line, adequate bypass/overflow that minimizes release of captured pollutants? Adequate hydraulic head available for device to operate? Properly sized for drainage area, flow, pollutant capture? Has device been independently verified for adequate pollutant removal for appropriate particle sizes (especially if it is the primary water quality BMP)? Manufacturer’s recommendations followed? Details provided for device and connections? Erosion control provided, if necessary? Easy access/visibility for maintenance? Maintenance accounted for and a detailed plan provided (including the amount sediment/debris accumulation that triggers the need for cleaning)? ance for proper disposal, registration, and permitting is available from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality at: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/wb-stormwater-CatchBasinGuidance_216198_7.pdf Cost Costs vary widely according to manufacturer, type, and size of water quality devices. Contact manufacturers to determine current costs. Installation and maintenance costs for in-line or off-line devices installed below ground can run significantly higher than for vegetative filters and infiltration devices that provide similar levels of treatment. Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Water Quality Devices Type of water quality device(s) proposed: ________________________________________________________ Manufacturer(s) & model(s) proposed: __________________________________________________________ Independent Verifications (ETV, TARP, etc.): _____________________________________________________ References Innovative Stormwater Treatment Technologies BMP Manual. New Hampshire Watershed Management Bureau, Watershed Assistance Section, 2002. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, 2006 Pitt, R. Characterizing and Controlling Urban Runoff through Street and Sewerage Cleaning. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1985. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 334
Chapter 8 Implementing LID in Special Areas For LID to be successful in as many places as possible, special areas need special considerations. This chapter summarizes some of these special areas and identifies how LID can be incorporated into the design and development process. By recognizing that LID may not be practical in all places, we help facilitate the local discussion and decision-making process that must occur to determine how these special issues will be addressed. These special areas include: • Transportation corridors, • CSO and SSO issues, • Brownfield sites, • High risk areas such as wellhead protection areas, karst areas, and special water designations. Bioswale and porous pavers in Ann Arbor, MI. East Street reconstruction consisting of 26-foot asphalt section converted to 18 feet of asphalt with two 3.5-foot concrete porous paver strips (and ribbon curb) that infiltrates all road runoff and some rooftop and sidewalk runoff. Source: JFNew Transportation corridors. Highways and roads comprise a significant portion of total impervious surface, especially in more urban areas. Emphasis to date has been to remove stormwater from the roadway as swiftly as possible to ensure public safety and the integrity of the road system. This presents a challenge to incorporating LID practices. CSO and SSO issues. The impact of stormwater on the local sewer system is extremely important in several Michigan communities where the excess flow produced by adding runoff to a sewer flow, directly or indirectly, results in a hydraulically overloaded system. Brownfield sites. Redevelopment of Brownfields is a policy priority of Michigan and numerous communities. Typically these sites were highly disturbed or degraded during prior land development. To date, the goal is usually to minimize permeation of rainfall to the subsurface to minimize contact and movement of onsite pollutants. High-risk areas. High-risk areas include sites such as wellhead protection areas, source water protection areas, sensitive streams, and areas of porous limestone bedrock known as karst. In certain communities, LID will need to be tailored to complement programs in place to address high risk areas. These special areas are discussed in this chapter. To tailor these special issues to local situations, both LID techniques and policy issues are described below. Transportation Corridors Using LID in transportation corridors, especially heavily traveled highways, is somewhat constrained. By design, much of the right-of-way (ROW) is paved with impervious materials built over compacted subgrade. While normal highway design may allow some portion of the corridor to be landscaped, standard earthwork practices result in these corridors being constructed using a soil mantle that has been excavated, filled, and totally altered from its natural form and function. Also, the linear dimensions of this land use further constrain the type and capacity of LID measures that might be applied within the ROW. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 8 Page 335
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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Page 300 and 301: References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Page 308 and 309: Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
Page 310 and 311: • Guidance information, usually i
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Page 314 and 315: Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
Page 316 and 317: Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
Page 318 and 319: Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
Page 320 and 321: Over a period of time roots can dam
Page 322 and 323: Technical requirements Root resista
Page 324 and 325: Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
Page 326 and 327: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
Page 328 and 329: Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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Page 334 and 335: Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
Page 336 and 337: Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
Page 338 and 339: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
Page 340 and 341: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 342 and 343: Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
Page 344 and 345: Basket type inserts Basket type ins
Page 348 and 349: Roadway design, construction, and m
Page 350 and 351: • Vegetated systems such as grass
Page 352 and 353: Of the options explored, the study
Page 354 and 355: Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
Page 356 and 357: Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Page 360 and 361: The following are examples of imple
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Page 364 and 365: East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
Page 366 and 367: Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
Page 368 and 369: References AASHTO Center for Enviro
Page 370 and 371: LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
Page 372 and 373: Flood control Flood control is base
Page 374 and 375: Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
Page 376 and 377: Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
Page 378 and 379: The Curve Number Method is less acc
Page 380 and 381: I = the average rainfall intensity
Page 382 and 383: Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
Page 384 and 385: • Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
Page 386 and 387: FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Page 390 and 391: Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
Page 392 and 393: WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
Page 394 and 395: WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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