Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Stream Miles not Supporting Designated Uses Listed by Cause of the Impairment Cause Total Miles Toxic organics PCBs in water column 34,754 PCBs in fish tissue 14,844 Dioxin 3,124 PBBs 144 Petroleum hydrocarbons 13 Metals Mercury in water column 7,179 Mercury in fish tissue 6,884 Copper 34 Lead 13 Chromium 13 Flow alterations 7,632 Habitat alterations 7,028 Pathogens 1,963 Sedimentation/siltation 1,529 Oxygen depletion 1,136 Nutrients 632 Organic enrichment (sewage) 187 Pesticides Chlordane 149 DDT 144 Excess algal growth 106 Impairment unknown 63 Thermal impacts 57 Total suspended solids 47 Oil and grease 37 Unionized ammonia 31 Total dissolved solids 19 Aquatic plants 19 Solids (suspended/bedload) 13 Source: MDEQ, 2008. Once placed on the 303(d) list, a timeline is put in place for developing a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the waterbody. The TMDL rations allowable pollutant load amongst watershed sources. LID practices are an opportunity to help watershed sources achieve TMDLs in impaired waters, both from the perspective of filtering and transforming pollutants, as well as for conserving or restoring (in the case of retrofits) presettlement hydrology. Resources: 1. The Michigan 303(d) list can be found in the Integrated Water Quality Report, online at http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135- 3313_3686_3728-12711--,00.html LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 3 Page 30
Utilizing Wetland Restoration and Creation BMPs for Stormwater Volume Control Wetlands improve water quality by filtering out and trapping pollutants like sediments and nutrients in stormwater runoff. Wetlands also store large quantities of water during spring melt and after large rain events reducing the frequency and extent of flooding. This stored water is then released slowly over time to maintain flow in streams and reduce flashiness. Some wetlands are also important for recharging groundwater. Wetlands provide habitat for many species of fish and wildlife while also providing open space and natural beauty. Protection of high quality wetlands involves avoiding the filling of wetlands and minimizing changes to hydrology that will affect wetland quality and function. Reestablishing wetlands where they historically existed, (but don’t presently exist), or creating new wetlands (where they never existed) provides an opportunity to provide stormwater quantity control while also increasing wetlands acreage and functions. In rare cases, existing highly degraded wetlands may be used to provide stormwater volume control if the project will also improve other wetland functions. To illustrate this concept, below is suggested language for a city’s engineering design manual. The City discourages the use of existing wetlands for the purposes of providing stormwater quantity control. The City encourages the re-establishment of wetlands where they historically existed, but don’t presently exist, or the creation of new wetlands to provide stormwater quantity control and the related functions wetlands provide. The City will only consider approval of use of an existing wetland for stormwater quantity control if all of the following are requirements are satisfied: A. The wetland must already be highly altered by watershed development and meet certain benchmarks for isolation, high water level fluctuation, low wetland plant richness, dominance of invasive or aggressive plants and altered hydrology. B. It must be shown that the wetland site does not contain any unique wetland features. C. An analysis of the pre-developed and post developed water balance for the wetland shows no negative impacts to the existing wetland or adjacent properties. The designer is required to provide the water balance documentation for review. The water balance should include runoff from irrigation. D. A stormwater management easement shall be provided for the entire wetland. Where portions of the wetland are located on adjacent properties, the developer shall secure all of the required easements. E. Sufficient pretreatment of the stormwater is provided prior to its discharge to the wetland. F. A wetland enhancement plan shall be provided. The enhancement plan may include some or all of the following: removal of all or some of the invasive species and restoration with native species; planting of additional trees and shrubs; the creation of open water areas. G. For wetlands regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, a permit from the MDEQ has been obtained for use of the existing wetland for stormwater quantity control. H. For wetlands regulated by the City, a permit from the City has been obtained for all proposed stormwater discharges and use of the existing wetland for stormwater quantity control. Source: Environmental Consulting and Technology and the MDEQ Land and Water Management Division. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 3 Page 31
Page 1: A Design Guide for Implementers and
Page 4 and 5: LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
Page 6 and 7: Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
Page 8 and 9: Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
Page 10 and 11: Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
Page 12 and 13: Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
Page 14 and 15: How this manual is organized This m
Page 16 and 17: discuss a new development. The staf
Page 18 and 19: In a natural woodland or meadow in
Page 20 and 21: Almost all components of the urban
Page 22 and 23: Benefits of implementing LID Implem
Page 24 and 25: Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
Page 26 and 27: Getting started with LID LID can be
Page 28 and 29: Precipitation also varies slightly
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
Page 34 and 35: Most soils in Michigan are classifi
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
Page 38 and 39: There is currently no single broadl
Page 40 and 41: Wellhead protection areas/ public w
Page 44 and 45: References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
Page 46 and 47: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
Page 48 and 49: Following are sample goals and poli
Page 50 and 51: Develop regulations that encourage/
Page 52 and 53: Construction activity • Minimize
Page 54 and 55: Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
Page 56 and 57: Resistance from internal sources an
Page 58 and 59: Site constraints that may pose chal
Page 60 and 61: Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
Page 62 and 63: Step 1: Property acquisition and us
Page 64 and 65: can be incorporated into the develo
Page 66 and 67: Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
Page 70 and 71: BMP Selection Process This chapter
Page 72 and 73: Case Study: Title The second page o
Page 74 and 75: Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
Page 76 and 77: Figure 6.2 Conventional development
Page 78 and 79: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
Page 82 and 83: Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
Page 84 and 85: 4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
Page 86 and 87: References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
Page 88 and 89: Case Study: Longmeadow Development
Page 90 and 91: Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 6
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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• Major compaction - Deep compact
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e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
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slope needs to be determined. This
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Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
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Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
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• Guidance information, usually i
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Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
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Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
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Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
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Over a period of time roots can dam
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Technical requirements Root resista
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
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Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
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Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
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Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
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Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Maintenance is crucial to the effec
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Roadway design, construction, and m
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• Vegetated systems such as grass
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Of the options explored, the study
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Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
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Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Construction on the project began i
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The following are examples of imple
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Horizontal grates can be added to a
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East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
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Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
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References AASHTO Center for Enviro
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LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
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Flood control Flood control is base
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Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
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Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
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The Curve Number Method is less acc
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I = the average rainfall intensity
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Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
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• Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
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FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Excessively drained soils may requi
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Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
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WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
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WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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