Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan - OSEH - University ...

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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Data (1985-1997),” Pennsylvania’s Ambient and Fixed Station Network (FSN) Monitoring Program: Selected Groundwater Basins in Southwestern, Southcentral, and Southeastern Pennsylvania. Bureau of Water Supply Management, PADEP, 1998. Rossman, L., 2004. Storm Water Management Model User’s Manual, Version 5.0. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2004. www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/ swmm/#A. Soil Conservation Service. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, second edition, Technical Release 55. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1986. www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/hydro/hydro-tools-models-tr55.html. Soil Conservation Service. “TR-20 Computer Program for Project Formulation Hydrology,” 1992. Sorrell, Richard. Computing Flood Discharges for Small Ungaged Watersheds. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Geological and Land Management Division, July 2003. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) User’s Manual. Version 2.1, 2001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004. Stormwater Best Management Practice Design Guide, Vol. 2. EPA Document EPA/600/R-04/121A, September 2004. www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r04121/600r04121.htm. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. BMP Modeling Concepts and Simulation. EPA Document EPA/600/R-06/033, July 2006. www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r06033/epa600r06033toc.pdf. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Version 5.0.011, 2007. www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/swmm/#A. Viessman, W. and G. Lewis. Introduction to Hydrology, Fifth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. Woodward, D.E., R.H. Hawkins, R. Jiang, A.T. Hjelmfelt,J.A. Van Mullem, and D.Q. Quan. “Runoff Curve Number Method: Examination of the Initial Abstraction Ratio,” World Water & Environmental Resources Congress, 2003: Proceeding of the Congress: June 23-26, 2003. Philadelphia, PA, 2003. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 9 Page 386
Chapter 10 Michigan LID Case Studies This chapter highlights several developments that have incorporated numerous LID best management practices into their designs. These best management practices help communities meet their land use planning goals of protecting public health, safety, and welfare, as well as preserving community character, and making desirable places for people to live and work. The following case studies showcase the implementation of numerous best management practices working together through integrated systems. Almost all components of the urban environment have the potential to serve as elements of an integrated stormwater management system. This includes using open space, as well as rooftops, streetscapes, parking lots, sidewalks, and medians. In addition, these case studies represent various size developments as well as a diverse range of land use types and property ownership. LID is a versatile approach that can be applied equally well to new development, urban redevelopment, and in limited space applications such as along transportation corridors. Pokagonek Edawat Housing Development The Pokagonek Edawat Housing Development is located in Dowagiac, MI in Cass County. The Dowagiac River Watershed Management Plan was used as the basis for the design principles in this project, which led to integrating LID techniques into the development. The Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians Tribal Development used nine LID BMPs to arrive at an overall strategy that protects and uses natural flow pathways and preserves natural features in overall stormwater planning and design. This development also maximized stormwater infiltration to ground water through: • Rain gardens and bioswales, • Sensitive area preservation, • Cluster development, and • Porous pavers. Rain gardens and bioswales The first phase, or neighborhood, of the development includes 17 homes. Each home has at least one rain garden that accepts roof-top drainage. During the design process, the native topography of the site was retained as much as possible to preserve the natural drainage. Any stormwater runoff generated from the neighborhood is managed by the depressions where infiltration capacities have been augmented by native vegetation to create bioswales. Bioswale Source: Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians The rain gardens and bioswales required approximately two growing seasons to become established. The General Land Office survey notes indicate that the development location was a Mixed Oak Savanna circa 1800s. Thus, plant species associated with savanna and prairie settings were selected. Initial maintenance largely included watering and weeding, and infill planting, as needed. Currently, periodic weeding is the main maintenance activity related to this BMP. For the bioswales, a combination of plug placement and seeding with a warm season grass drill was used, along with an initial fertilizer application. A mixture of warm season grasses and forbs were selected for the bioswale vegetation. Initial maintenance largely included watering and weeding. Weed management during the first year included mowing. Current maintenance activities include prescribed burns and selective mowing. All maintenance is performed by the Pokagon Band Hous- LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 10 Page 387
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
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4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
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12. Proper pervious pavement applic
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Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
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Repairs • Surface should never be
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References Adams, Michele. “Porou
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Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
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Native vegetation should be used in
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Design Considerations • Suggested
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oxes, etc. should be installed in a
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References Stormwater Management Gu
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Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
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Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
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3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
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Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
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Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
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4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
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References Alliance for the Chesape
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Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
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• Major compaction - Deep compact
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e. Add six inches compost or other
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References “Achieving the Post-Co
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Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
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slope needs to be determined. This
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Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
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Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
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• Guidance information, usually i
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Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
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Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
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Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
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Over a period of time roots can dam
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Technical requirements Root resista
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
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lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
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Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
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Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
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Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
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Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
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Basket type inserts Basket type ins
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Maintenance is crucial to the effec
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Page 354 and 355: Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
Page 356 and 357: Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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Page 360 and 361: The following are examples of imple
Page 362 and 363: Horizontal grates can be added to a
Page 364 and 365: East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
Page 366 and 367: Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
Page 368 and 369: References AASHTO Center for Enviro
Page 370 and 371: LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
Page 372 and 373: Flood control Flood control is base
Page 374 and 375: Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
Page 376 and 377: Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
Page 378 and 379: The Curve Number Method is less acc
Page 380 and 381: I = the average rainfall intensity
Page 382 and 383: Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
Page 384 and 385: • Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
Page 386 and 387: FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
Page 388 and 389: Excessively drained soils may requi
Page 390 and 391: Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
Page 392 and 393: WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
Page 394 and 395: WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
Page 396 and 397: WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
Page 400 and 401: ing Department. Most maintenance co
Page 402 and 403: The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
Page 404 and 405: Bioswales provide infiltration of s
Page 406 and 407: The Ingham County Drain Commissione
Page 408 and 409: Constructed wetland The lowest port
Page 410 and 411: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 1
Page 412 and 413: LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
Page 414 and 415: Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
Page 416 and 417: H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
Page 418 and 419: Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
Page 420 and 421: Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
Page 422 and 423: Ecoregion recommendations are also
Page 424 and 425: Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
Page 426 and 427: Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
Page 428 and 429: Representative Zone C Species Cardi
Page 430 and 431: Botanical Name Common Name Height C
Page 432 and 433: Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
Page 434 and 435: Representative Zone E Species Tall
Page 436 and 437: Botanical Name Common Name Height C
Page 438 and 439: Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
Page 440 and 441: Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
Page 442 and 443: LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
Page 444 and 445: Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
Page 446 and 447: Vegetated roofs Some key components
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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