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• Guidance information, usually in written manual form, for operating and maintaining filter strips, should be provided to all facility owners and tenants. Facility owners are encouraged to keep an inspection log, for recording all inspection dates, observations, and maintenance activities. • Grass cover should be mowed to maintain a height of 4-6 inches. • Invasive plants should be removed on an annual basis. Vegetative cover should be sustained at 85 percent and reestablished if damage greater than 50 percent is observed. • If a filter strip exhibits signs of poor drainage, periodic soil aeration or liming may help to improve infiltration. Winter Considerations Filter strips often make convenient areas for snow storage. Thus, vegetation should be salt-tolerant and the maintenance schedule should include removing sand buildup at the toe of the slope. The bottom of the gravel trench (if used as the level spreader) should be placed below the frost line to prohibit water from freezing in the trench. The perforated pipe in the trench should be at least eight inches in diameter to further discourage freezing. Other water quality options may be explored to provide backup to filter strips during the winter, when pollutant removal ability is reduced. Cost The cost of constructing filter strips includes grading, sodding (when applicable), installing vegetation, constructing a level spreader, and constructing a pervious berm, if proposed. Depending on whether seed or sod is applied, enhanced vegetation use or design variations such as check dams, construction costs may range anywhere from no cost (assuming the area was to be grassed regardless of use as treatment) to $50,000 per acre. The annual cost of maintaining filter strips (mowing, weeding, inspecting, litter removal, etc.) generally runs from $100 to $1,400 per acre and may overlap with standard landscape maintenance costs. Maintenance costs are highly variable, as they are a function of frequency and local labor rates. Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Vegetated Filter Strips Soil type and HSG category: __________________________________________________________________ ITEM YES NO N/A NOTES Sheet flow provided? Recommended slope ranges followed? Appropriate length for soil, vegetation, and slope? Slope of drainage area below five percent? If not, is energy dissipation provided? Length/area of incoming drainage appropriately limited? Receiving vegetation considered? Located in undisturbed virgin soil? If not, will soil be properly compacted and stabilized? Appropriate vegetation selected for stabilization? Feasible construction process and sequence? Soil compaction avoided or mitigated? Erosion and sedimentation control provided to protect filter strip during construction? Maintenance accounted for and plan provided? LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 298
References Atlanta Regional Commission. Georgia Stormwater Management Manual. August 2001. Auckland Regional Council. Stormwater Management Devices: Design Guidelines Manual, Auckland, New Zealand, 2003. Barr Engineering Company. Minnesota Urban Small Sites BMP Manual: Stormwater Best Management Practices for Cold Climates, St. Paul, MN, 2001. California Stormwater Quality Association. California Stormwater BMP Handbook. January 2003. Caltrans. BMP Retrofit Pilot Program, Final Report, CYSW-RT-01-050, January, 2004. Center for Watershed Protection and Maryland Department of the Environment. 2000 Maryland Stormwater Design Manual, Baltimore, MD, 2000. CRWR Online Report 97-5: “Use of Vegetative Controls for Treatment of Highway Runoff,” University of Texas at Austin. Delaware Department of Natural Resources. DURMM: The Delaware Urban Runoff Management Model, March 2001. Environmental Services, City of Portland. Stormwater Management Manual, September 2002. Lantin, Anna and Barrett, Michael. Design and Pollutant Reduction of Vegetated Strips and Swales, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. New Jersey Stormwater BMP Manual, 2004. Northern Virginia Planning District Commission. Northern Virginia BMP Handbook: A Guide to Planning and Designing Best Management Practices in Northern Virginia, 1992. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual 2003, Toronto, Ontario, 2003. Pennsylvania Association of Conservation Districts, Inc. The Pennsylvania Handbook of Best Management Practices for Developing Areas, 1998. South Florida Water Management District. Best Management Practices for Southern Florida Urban Stormwater Management Systems, West Palm Beach, FL, 2002. The Vermont Agency of Natural Resources. The Vermont Stormwater Management Manual, April 2002. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Stormwater Technology Fact Sheet: Sand Filters (EPA 832-F-99-007), 1999. Washington State Department of Ecology. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Olympia, WA, 2002. LID Manual for Michigan – Chapter 7 Page 299
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A Design Guide for Implementers and
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LID Manual for Michigan Page ii
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Shawn Keenan, City of Auburn Hills
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Appendix G: Stormwater Management P
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Figure 7.18 Filter with infiltratio
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Table 7.9 Definitions of Wetland Ve
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How this manual is organized This m
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discuss a new development. The staf
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In a natural woodland or meadow in
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Almost all components of the urban
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Benefits of implementing LID Implem
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Table 2.2 Summary of Cost Compariso
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Getting started with LID LID can be
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Precipitation also varies slightly
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Figure 3.4 Soil Freezing in Lower M
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Figure 3.6 Michigan Surficial Geolo
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Most soils in Michigan are classifi
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Table 3.3 Representative Cation Exc
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There is currently no single broadl
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Wellhead protection areas/ public w
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Table 3.4 Michigan Rivers and Strea
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References * Bailey, R.M and G.R. S
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LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 3
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Following are sample goals and poli
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Develop regulations that encourage/
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Construction activity • Minimize
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Street sweeping in Bloomfield Towns
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Resistance from internal sources an
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Site constraints that may pose chal
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Entity Stormwater Jurisdiction Coun
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Step 1: Property acquisition and us
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can be incorporated into the develo
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Step 3: Integrate municipal, county
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BMP Selection Process This chapter
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Case Study: Title The second page o
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Case Study: Pokagon Band of Potawat
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Figure 6.2 Conventional development
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Clu
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Case Study: Minimizing soil compact
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4. Topsoil stockpiling and storage
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References Hanks, D. and Lewandowsk
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Case Study: Longmeadow Development
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Applications Minimizing the total d
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Criteria to Receive Credits for Min
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Case Study: Marywood Health Center
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Design Considerations 1. Identify n
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References Center for Watershed Pro
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Case Study: Macomb County Public Wo
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Zone 3: Also termed the “outer zo
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• Limit clearing and grading of f
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Case Study: Western Michigan Univer
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Protection of sensitive areas in re
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then weightings of potential develo
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Floodplains • Design the project
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References Arendt, Randall G. Growi
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Case Study: Willard Beach Implement
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Table 6.2 Narrow residential street
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Parking Parking lots often comprise
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Red
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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In addition to directing runoff to
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dis
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Runoff Volume/ Infiltration Runoff
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Figure 7.1 Structural BMP Selection
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In general, the techniques describe
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Table 7.3 Additional BMP considerat
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Maintenance Provides guidance on re
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Case Study: Grayling Stormwater Pro
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Figure 7.5 illustrates a schematic
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Flow inlet: Curbs and curb cuts Cur
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Roads and highways Figure 7.13 show
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Design Considerations Bioretention
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7. Planting periods will vary but,
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Construction Guidelines The followi
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Rai
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Case Study: Stormwater Capture with
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Ford Rouge Plant cistern Vertical s
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Design Considerations Design and in
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the tank can accommodate.) (www.sta
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References “Black Vertical Storag
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Case Study: Constructed Linear Sand
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Surface non-vegetated filter A surf
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Large subsurface filter Large Subsu
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would modestly increase constructio
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During inspection the following con
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References Atlanta Regional Commiss
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Site Factors Type Basin Bottom Rela
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Variations For this manual, detenti
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Precast concrete vault Source: Amer
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surface into the pond to a maximum
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sink for pollutants and generally h
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The presettlement and post-developm
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wet pond and constructed wetland op
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ackfilling operation should driven
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Dry
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Con
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Key Design Features • Depth to wa
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Case Study: Saugatuck Center for th
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Infiltration basins, subsurface inf
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Figure 7.24 Cross-section of dry we
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• The soil mantle should be prese
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Additional design considerations fo
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• Though roofs are generally not
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Subsurface infiltration bed Source:
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Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
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• Protect the infiltration area f
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Additional Construction Guidelines
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Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Inf
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References AMEC Earth and Environme
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Case Study: Washtenaw County West S
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Design Considerations Level spreade
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3. Inspect the filter strip and the
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References Hathaway, Jon and Hunt,
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Case Study: Black River Heritage Tr
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Figure 7.31 Native meadow species c
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Applications • Residential - Nati
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5. Amend soil: In those sites where
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Water quality improvement Landscape
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References Arendt, R. Growing Green
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Case Study: Grand Valley State Univ
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Staging, construction practices, an
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Reinforced turf/gravel Reinforced t
Page 260 and 261: 4. Pervious pavement and infiltrati
Page 262 and 263: 12. Proper pervious pavement applic
Page 264 and 265: Figure 7.40 Open-graded, clean, coa
Page 266 and 267: Repairs • Surface should never be
Page 268 and 269: References Adams, Michele. “Porou
Page 270 and 271: Case Study: Michigan Avenue Streets
Page 272 and 273: Native vegetation should be used in
Page 274 and 275: Design Considerations • Suggested
Page 276 and 277: oxes, etc. should be installed in a
Page 278 and 279: References Stormwater Management Gu
Page 280 and 281: Case Study: Nankin Mills Interpreti
Page 282 and 283: Figure 7.45 Schematic of a three-zo
Page 284 and 285: 3. Analyze site’s vegetative feat
Page 286 and 287: Black River Heritage Trail and Wate
Page 288 and 289: Table 7.14 Tree spacing per acre Sp
Page 290 and 291: 4. Stable debris As Zone 1 reaches
Page 292 and 293: References Alliance for the Chesape
Page 294 and 295: Case Study: Ann Arbor District Libr
Page 296 and 297: • Major compaction - Deep compact
Page 298 and 299: e. Add six inches compost or other
Page 300 and 301: References “Achieving the Post-Co
Page 302 and 303: Case Study: Wayne County, MI Ford R
Page 304 and 305: slope needs to be determined. This
Page 306 and 307: Figure 7.52 Sandy soils with HSG Gr
Page 308 and 309: Figure 7.56 Clay Loam, Silty Clay o
Page 312 and 313: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 314 and 315: Case Study: City of Battle Creek Ci
Page 316 and 317: Table 7.16 Vegetated roof types Ext
Page 318 and 319: Dual media assemblies Dual media (F
Page 320 and 321: Over a period of time roots can dam
Page 322 and 323: Technical requirements Root resista
Page 324 and 325: Stormwater Functions and Calculatio
Page 326 and 327: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
Page 328 and 329: Case Study: Meadowlake Farms Bioswa
Page 330 and 331: lower flows (two-year storm) to dra
Page 332 and 333: Stone check dams Source: Road Commi
Page 334 and 335: Table 7.18 Permanent stabilization
Page 336 and 337: Peak rate mitigation Vegetated swal
Page 338 and 339: Designer/Reviewer Checklist for Veg
Page 340 and 341: LID Manual for Michigan - Chapter 7
Page 342 and 343: Case Study: LaVista Storm Drain Pro
Page 344 and 345: Basket type inserts Basket type ins
Page 346 and 347: Maintenance is crucial to the effec
Page 348 and 349: Roadway design, construction, and m
Page 350 and 351: • Vegetated systems such as grass
Page 352 and 353: Of the options explored, the study
Page 354 and 355: Figure 8.3 Tree planting detail Sou
Page 356 and 357: Opportunities for MPOs Metropolitan
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The following are examples of imple
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Horizontal grates can be added to a
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East Hills Center City of Grand Rap
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Implementing LID in High Risk Areas
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References AASHTO Center for Enviro
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LID Design Criteria Defining the hy
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Flood control Flood control is base
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Table 9.1 90 Percent Nonexceedance
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Initial abstraction (I a ) includes
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The Curve Number Method is less acc
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I = the average rainfall intensity
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Table 9.4 Rainfall Events of 24-Hou
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• Proceed to Flow Chart B, Peak R
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FLOW CHART A Stormwater Calculation
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Excessively drained soils may requi
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Worksheet 2. Sensitive Natural Reso
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WORKSHEET 4. Calculations for Volum
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WORKSHEET 6. SMALL SITE / SMALL IMP
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WORKSHEET 8. WATER QUALITY WORKSHEE
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Reese, S. and J. Lee. “Summary of
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ing Department. Most maintenance co
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The Hydrotech Garden Roof Assembly
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Bioswales provide infiltration of s
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The Ingham County Drain Commissione
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Constructed wetland The lowest port
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LID Manual for Michigan - Appendix
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Check dam Cistern Clustering Combin
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H:V Horizontal to vertical ratio. H
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Planter box Pervious pavement Phase
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Total phosphorous (TP) The total am
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Ecoregion recommendations are also
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Zone A Planting Zone = two-to-four
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Zone C Planting Zone = zero-to-two
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Representative Zone C Species Cardi
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone E Planting Zone = four-to-18 i
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Representative Zone E Species Tall
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Botanical Name Common Name Height C
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Zone G Planter Box Plantings Althou
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Zone H Vegetated Roof Plantings Res
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Pervious Berms (Vegetated Filter St
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Vegetated roofs Some key components
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Step 1. Background evaluation Prior
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Methodology for double-ring infiltr
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Step 4. Use design considerations p
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Detention BMP Inspection Checklist*
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Infiltration BMPs Inspection Checkl
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Bioretention Inspection Checklist*
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Bioswale, Filter Strip Inspection C
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6. The [Community] or its designee
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STATE OF MICHIGAN ) ) ss. COUNTY OF
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Exhibit B - Location Map (Sample) S
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• Stormwater runoff, soil erosion
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Retention. A holding system for sto
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ARTICLE IV. STORMWATER PLAN REQUIRE
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The particular facilities and measu
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10. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the
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Table H.2 Pre-Treatment Options for
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f. Complete development agreements
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must be submitted to the Michigan D
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C. Construction Plans shall be revi
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fine for each day. The rights and r
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Southeast Michigan Council of Gover
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