Income Security: A Roadmap for Change

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Indigenous Friendship Centres: Not-for-profit corporations located in towns and cities across the province which are mandated to serve the needs of all Indigenous people regardless of legal definition. Friendship Centres are the primary service delivery agents for Indigenous people requiring culturally sensitive and culturally appropriate services in urban communities The Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres is the provincial Indigenous organization representing the collective interests of member Friendship Centres 129 Indigenous peoples: For the purposes of this Roadmap, Indigenous peoples refers to First Nations, Métis and Inuit people living in Ontario Intergenerational Trauma: “A collective complex trauma inflicted on a group of people who share a specific group identity or affliation—ethnicity, nationality, and religious affliation. It is the legacy of numerous traumatic events a community experiences over generations and encompasses the psychological and social responses to such events” 130 In the Indigenous context, centuries of colonialism aimed at annihilating Indigenous people’s cultural identities and ways of life have contributed to severe collective trauma that is passed through generations 131 Labour Force Participation Rate: A Statistics Canada measure of the total labour force (both those who are employed and unemployed, combined) relative to the size of the working-age population It is the share of the working-age population that is working or looking for work 132 129 As defined by the Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres. Please see: http://www.ofifc.org/ 130 This definition comes from Teresa Evans-Campbell – please see: http://journals sagepubcom/doi/abs/101177/0886260507312290 131 Source: Aguiar, W, and Halseth, R (2015) Aboriginal Peoples and Historic Trauma: the processes of intergenerational transmission 132 For the Statistics Canada definition please see: http://wwwstatcangcca/pub/71 222-x/2008001/sectiona/a-participation-activite-enghtm 172 Income Security: A Roadmap for Change
Low income: Income that is below what an individual needs to afford the modern necessities of life 133 . In statistical terms, low income is usually defined relative to a methodology or calculation, such as the Low-Income Measure (please see page 40 for a description of the Low-Income Measure) Minimum Income Standard: A standard calculated at regular intervals that indicates how much income individuals need to afford an acceptable standard of living 134 For the recommended approach to developing a Minimum Income Standard in Ontario please see pages 69 to 72 Multiplier Effect: When an increase in spending produces an increase in income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent 135 Non-standard employment: Employment that is involuntarily part-time, temporary, or has multiple-job holders, or self-employed workers who do not employ others 136 Northern Health Travel Grants: A travel grant provided by the Ontario government to eligible residents of Northern Ontario who must travel significant distances for medical treatment The grant helps pay for some costs such as travel and accommodation, but does not cover all expenses such as meals The grant amount is based on the one-way road distance to the closest medical specialist or approved health care facility 137 133 This is the definition used during discussion by the Income Security Reform Working Group 134 For an example of the United Kingdom’s approach to a Minimum Income Standard please see: http://wwwlboroacuk/research/crsp/mis/ 135 For a more in-depth discussion of the multiplier effect in economics please see: https://wwweconomistcom/blogs/economist-explains/2016/09/economistexplains-economics-3 136 As defined by Ontario’s recent Changing Workplaces Review 137 For more information on the Northern Health Travel Grants please see: http://wwwhealthgovonca/en/public/publications/ohip/northernaspx Income Security: A Roadmap for Change 173
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INCOME SECURITY A Roadmap for Chang
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ACHIEVING INCOME ADEQUACY69 Setting
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A CLOSING NOTE164 APPENDIX A: Membe
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INCOME SECURITY: FUTURE STATE Essen
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3. Recognizing the Experience of In
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ENGAGING THE WHOLE INCOME SECURITY
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• The federal government enhance
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• Individual choice and well-bein
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• Conduct analyses on current and
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A TRANSFORMED SOCIAL ASSISTANCE STR
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• Initially exempt 25% of Canada
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SELF-GOVERNANCE AND RESPECT FOR FIR
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• First Nations social service pr
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• The capabilities, skills and pr
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SEQUENCING REFORM The Roadmap recom
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We recommend the Province commit to
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2015 also saw a commitment by the f
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MESSAGE FROM THE URBAN INDIGENOUS T
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Community members stressed the impo
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INTRODUCTION PURPOSE The Income Sec
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Income Security Reform in the conte
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2. Essential needs are increasingly
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• Research by the Social Planning
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The Additional Costs of Disability
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• From 2011 to 2014, the incidenc
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• Studies also show that adult-on
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• Indigenous peoples have signifi
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A NOTE ON PREVIOUS REPORTS Over the
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ONTARIO’S INCOME SECURITY SYSTEM
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services 64 More than 68% of socia
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FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL INCOME SECUR
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The federal Canada Child Benefit, t
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ENVISIONING THE FUTURE VISION All i
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES The following pr
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and structural racism to ensure equ
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3. Recognizing the Experience of In
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Critical steps must also be taken t
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areas, including remote areas In se
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DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS 1.1 The Pr
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ONTARIO HOUSING BENEFIT Recommendat
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• People must be able to access a
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“I’ve been waiting for housing
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Children who are being cared for by
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When a child is in the care of a Ch
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WORKING INCOME TAX BENEFIT Recommen
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CORE HEALTH BENEFITS Recommendation
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A key strength of Ontario’s curre
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TRANSFORMING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE OBJE
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DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 Develo
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People need to feel they have perso
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focussing primarily on eligibility
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• People are able to access servi
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• A simpler social assistance str
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8.6 Regularly situate Ontario Works
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We note that ODSP has many positive
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as simple and streamlined as possib
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9.4 Provide provincial-level assist
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Because moving to an assured income
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A TRANSFORMED SOCIAL ASSISTANCE STR
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This flat-rate structure would appl
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DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS 11.1 Trans
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First Nations Delivery Agents of On
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INCOME AND ASSETS Recommendation 13
Page 128 and 129: additional costs they may have—wh
Page 130 and 131: HELPING THOSE IN DEEPEST POVERTY OB
Page 132 and 133: Single Non-disabled Person Fall 201
Page 134 and 135: • Setting the Standard Flat Rate
Page 136 and 137: The first Indian Act was passed by
Page 138 and 139: While the recommendations noted abo
Page 140 and 141: DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS 16.1 Based
Page 142 and 143: 16.10 Take steps to ensure that Fir
Page 144 and 145: • Community-based initiatives spe
Page 146 and 147: • Increasing and expediting help
Page 148 and 149: Until further changes to the 1965 A
Page 150 and 151: A CALL ON THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Th
Page 152 and 153: The Roadmap emphasizes the need for
Page 154 and 155: IMPLEMENTING AND MEASURING CHANGE M
Page 156 and 157: 3. The need to take a system-wide a
Page 158 and 159: SEQUENCING CHANGE: A 10-YEAR ROADMA
Page 160 and 161: YEAR 2 The second year of implement
Page 162 and 163: YEARS 4 TO 10 Years 4 to 10 will ma
Page 164 and 165: THE COST OF INACTION Poverty is int
Page 166 and 167: • Ontario Drug Benefit costs for
Page 168 and 169: • Social Assistance, through: •
Page 170 and 171: A CLOSING NOTE This Roadmap holds t
Page 172 and 173: Violet Boissoneau Linda Cobiness Jo
Page 174 and 175: APPENDIX B: POVERTY REDUCTION STRAT
Page 176 and 177: Canada Pension Plan - Disability (C
Page 180 and 181: Old Age Security (OAS): A pension p
Page 182 and 183: Rent-Geared-To-Income (RGI): Financ
Page 184 and 185: Trauma-informed practice: Practices
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Income Security: A Roadmap for Change

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