A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

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88 A GRAMMAR OF THE Adverbs of Time. cj\L» sakarmig, ^^^ k'lni now, ^?jl^' tadi just now, very lately, .di' telah, ix^ siidali past, J^.ij daulii formerly, ^^ kaldk, C-f^îi-- ^^- bantar lagi presently, c^y>-juga, yf~jua still, Jj balum not yet, ^^;j^ kamedlan afterwards, cJwj sedatig, j-L> selang whilst, |_fl^ seraya at once, then, aj^ pernah., (-fl ere, cjl^ kadang, JUlcjl barang-kali sometimes, ci'U /'aî to-morrow, JI$j1 apa-kdla, J-Jl apa-blla, J-J pablla, ^ÛL bila-iiidna when, at what time, Jb^ talkdla, CS-i^L^ se-kattka then, at the time when, ^^^^^ kala-ktafi so often as. O/ PZace. j_j»j s77Z2 here, tiu^v--) «/;/, ^^L sdna there, Û 7ndna where, iij»jduh far off, t::^J
MALAYAN LANGUAGE. 89 A more useful distinction of adverbs arises from the manner of their formation, and they may accordingly be considered, with the exception of those whose origin cannot now be traced, under the following classes, viz. Words belonging to other parts of speech adverbially employed with- out any change in their form ; as jjb balk well (properly, good), ^^^J hanink very (properly, many), a- blla JKj! apa-kdla when (properly, what time). Words rendered adverbial by duplication; as rc_-~J' fiba-iiba acci- dentally (from t_-vJ' fiba to arrive), f^/j^ clmrl-chun by stealth (from i^j^s- churl to steal), Tlh-u^ ganti-ganti by turns, interchangeably (from u-^ gand to change), TJ^ mula-miila at first (from J^^ mida the beginning), Tjj dua-dua by twos, two and two, rÛ masitig-vidsing separately, individually (from j_^-l asbig separate), fcjliT gdrang-gdrang loudly, vociferously (from "kJS gdrnng loud). In this way the adverb is more commonly formed from verbs than from adjectives, because the duplication of the latter is sometimes employed to denote an excess of the quality or sort of superlative degree, as T^ besdr-besdr very great. Adverbs pioduced by the application of particles to words belonging to other parts of speech, and especially to adjectives. The particles thus used are ^^ sc and j ber prefixed and ^' -an annexed. By the first of these, which is the most regular adverbial sign, the same effect is produced as by adding the syllable ly to English adjectives, as j,^ se- benar truly, from jj benar true, ^}s^ se-betul righdy, c-aiL) se-ganap completely, JL> se-ldm differently, jjU- se'bdniak as many as, îL se- Idma as long as, cjU-> se-bdrang whatsoever. It is also applied to nouns and verbs, as CS-^ se-katlka whilst, from CS^ kafika point of time, A a jXiLLo
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Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN THE LIBRARY O
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{(^. Jo..^}^LJ1.
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V-. 5, .1. r.o . 9 • ^
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A a. .T. J'
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ii INTRODUCTION. Malayan is general
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iv INTRODUCTION. vocabulary collect
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vi INTRODUCTION. that it is entirel
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viii INTRODUCTION. over what they t
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X INTRODUCTION. principle of trade
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xii INTRODUCTION. authority of the
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xiv INTRODUCTION. only to the latte
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XVI INTRODUCTION. word Jb dulam, si
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xviii INTRODUCTION. to be derived,
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XX INTRODUCTION. estranged from the
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xxii INTRODUCTION. have led me beyo
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xxiv INTRODUCTION. principal dialec
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xxvi INTRODUCTION. the living autho
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xxviii INTRODUCTION. late Dutch Eas
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XXX INTRODUCTION. the Basa-KeUng or
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xxxii INTRODUCTION. derstantling" b
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xxxivr INTRODUCTION. less a vast po
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xxxvi Introduction, extent would ha
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xxxvili INTRODUCTION. translation o
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xl INTRODUCTION. wiLTENs ende Sebas
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xlii INTRODUCTION. character, print
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xliv INTRODUCTION. but the interest
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xivi INTRODUCTION. he speaks of a w
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xlviii INTRODUCTION. committed to t
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1 INTRODUCTION. from a perfect one)
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CONTENTS. Adverbs or Modals -.-- 87
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2 A GRAMMAR OF THE forms, but by a
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Figure. A GRAMMAPx OF THE
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6 A GRAMMAR OF THE oithograj)hical
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8 A GRAMMAR OF THE utterance of the
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lo A GRAMMAR OF THE (according to t
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la A GRAMMAR OF THE their own words
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14 A GRAMMAR OF THE it has been jud
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i6 A GRAMMAR OF THE to supply the m
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i8 A GRAMiMAR OF THE close with a l
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20 A GRAMMAR OF THE and F, as in th
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•jst .A^ GRAMMAR OF THE -4- . Ham
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24, A GRAMMAR OF THE .v< medd or i\
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26 A GRAMMAR OF THE A A and pronoun
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28 A GRAMMAR OF THE general for the
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30 A GRAMMAR OF THE Number is not d
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3i A GRAMMAR OF THE become oblique,
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34 A GRAMMAR OF THE from verbs by p
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36 A GRAMMAR OF THE nouns, or from
Page 98 and 99: 38 A GRAMMAR OF THE bSik orang llu
Page 100 and 101: 40 A GRAMMAR OF THE j_j)j jj dua-ra
Page 102 and 103: 4a A GRAMMAR OF THE the Hindus, fro
Page 104 and 105: 44 A GRAMMAR OF THE the idea of plu
Page 106 and 107: 46 A GRAMMAR OF THE kam'orang for k
Page 108 and 109: 48 A GRAMMAR OF THE signifying Tlie
Page 110 and 111: 50 A GRAMMAR OF THE subject of prop
Page 112 and 113: 52 A GRAMMAR OF THE Verbs. The verb
Page 114 and 115: 54 A GRAMMAR OF THE put to death, ^
Page 116 and 117: 56 A GRAMMAR OF THE seyyiporna to k
Page 118 and 119: 58 A GRAMMAR OF THE Verbs Substanti
Page 120 and 121: 6o A GRAMMAR OF THE Distinctions an
Page 122 and 123: 6fe A GRAMMAR OF THE can be conveye
Page 124 and 125: 64 A GRAMMAR OF THE cj^^l^C^J^ ha-m
Page 126 and 127: • ^j 66 A GRAMMAR OF THE ada iya
Page 128 and 129: 68 A GRAMMAR OF THE the verb substa
Page 130 and 131: yo A GRAMMAR OF THE am about to ret
Page 132 and 133: 72 A GRAMMAR OF THE ••^V c/^ L^
Page 134 and 135: 74 A GRAMMAR OF THE Past Tense. ^yi
Page 136 and 137: 76 A GRAMMAR OF THE j-eU samun rob,
Page 138 and 139: 78 A GRAMMAR OF THE JJ peniamun a r
Page 140 and 141: 8o A GRAMMAR OF THE put to sleep, s
Page 142 and 143: 82 A GRAMMAR OF THE JU «Jwi sudahj
Page 144 and 145: 84 A GRAMMAR OF THE ,iSj\ LjJiJj jx
Page 146 and 147: 86 A GRAMMAR OF THE participial nou
Page 150 and 151: go A GRAMMAR OF THE J^JLLi se-peniJ
Page 152 and 153: 92 A GRAMMAR OF THE ^jjVî de-atas
Page 154 and 155: 94 J\^ A GRAMMAR OF THE sa-kdli at
Page 156 and 157: gS A GPvAMMAR OF THE jarigan kamu b
Page 158 and 159: gS A GRAMMAR OF THE distinction onl
Page 160 and 161: 100 A GRAMMAR OF THE mination to th
Page 162 and 163: to2 A GRAxMMAR OF THE position, whi
Page 164 and 165: ,04 A GRAMMAR OF THE (uJ padang lut
Page 166 and 167: io6 A GRAMMAR OF THE nouns may, how
Page 168 and 169: io8 A GRAMMAR OF THE struction, as
Page 170 and 171: no A GRAMMAR OF THE enemy, or to st
Page 172 and 173: 112 A GRAMMAR OF THE meaning, that
Page 174 and 175: 1*4 A GRAMMAR OF THE powder, ^-sxa-
Page 176 and 177: ti6 A GRAMMAR OF THE admitted as su
Page 178 and 179: ii8 A GRAMMAR OF THE Of Prosody. Pr
Page 180 and 181: 120 A GRAMMAR OF THE kuda-ku my hor
Page 182 and 183: 122 A GRAMMAR OF THE jy per-ator-an
Page 184 and 185: 124 A GRAMMAR OF THE It remains now
Page 186 and 187: 126 A GRAMMAR OF THE as Jj baliim o
Page 188 and 189: 128 A GRAMMAR OF THE couplet runnin
Page 190 and 191: 130 A GRAMMAR OF THE Isxik kakanda
Page 192 and 193: 132 A GRAMMAR OF THE Kuda pulih cla
Page 194 and 195: 134 A GRAMMAR OF THE rhymes with th
Page 196 and 197: 136 A GRAMMAR, 4tc. being made to r
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,38 A GRAMMAR OF THE and may the Al
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140 A GRAMMAR OF THE Some days afte
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142 A GRAMMAR OF THE the presence o
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144 A GRAMMAR OF THE " We have now
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146 A GRAMMAR OF THE restored ; but
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148 A GRAMMAR OF THE y3j.As^"jbj^cL
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jô A GRAMMAR OF THE cerns ol the K
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152 A GRAMMAR OF THE br'j^ i'-j ^""
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154 A GRAMMAR OF THE Extracts of Le
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156 A GRAMMAR OF THE rying off with
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158 A GRAMMAR OF THE " The prince t
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i6o A GRAMMAR OF THE high mountains
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i62 A GRAMMAR OF THE Upon receiving
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i64 A GRAMMAR OF THE cl'' t'-J-"^ u
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i66 A GRAMMAR OF THE lijS Ax'Aj iUi
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i68 A GRAMMAR OF THE " Raja Alahari
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iyo A GRAMMAR OF THE J^j^ Jj Jj/^jV
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1/2 A GRAMMAR OF THE Alaharishi sai
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174 A GRAMMAR OF THE intention to p
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176 A GRAMMAR OF THE Ui^\j jIJ *]_;
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178 A GRAMMAR OF THE As he followed
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i8o A GRAMMAR OF THE who again said
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i82 A GRAMMAR OF THE enormously lon
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i84 A GRAMMAR OF THE ^1^ -V^ tr'^-l
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i86 A GRAMMAR OF THE our venerable
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i88 A GRAMMAR OF THE tricks), seein
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jgo A GRAMMAR OF THE for a position
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192 A GRAMMAR OF THE tuU j^wJ aUjuj
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194 A GRAMMAR OF THE CJ;~> Îj i—
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196 A GRAMMAR OF THE ufj^ Ai$!^ ^J^
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igS A GRAMMAR OF THE " Your servant
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200 A GRAMMAR OF THE " What country
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202 A GRAMMAR OF THE aJL ^JyJJJS ui
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204 A GRAMMAR OF THE They thought w
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2o6 A GRAMMAR OF THE They now came
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2o8 A GRAMMAR OF THE '* Your servan
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210 A GRAMMAR OF THE Consent, my li
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212 A GRAMMAR OF THE They are able
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214 A GRAMMAR OF THE God in Ills me
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ji6 A GRAMMAR OF THE
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2i8 A GRAMMAR OF THE of it. When th
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220 A GRAMMAR OF THE " Now there is
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izi A GRAMMAR OF THE ^LCrfj (^^ i.:
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224 A GRAMMAR OF THE ^\ iL;_jj r^jl
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Bi) the Aiiihor of this Jf'ork. A D
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i;''»-«
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A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

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