A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

36 A GRAMMAR OF THE
nouns, or from words in any other parts of speech, as from i_^v4Jb amba
a servant, J'l.o'j per-amba-an servitude ; from (_Jb" tapa seclusion, pe-
nance, uJly per-tapa a hermit, recluse; from^bl antara between, ^^^plS
pel-antaran a hall, passage. It may, however, be more correct to con-
sider these as deriving immediately from the verbs (---v*j»^ ber-amba to
serve, t_Jb^ per-tapa to perform penance, and j\ij\j ber-antdra to lie
between. Fractional numbers are also derivative nouns, as (c^y per-
ampat a fourth part, CSjJ.^ sa-per-ttga one third, *J^ CS^ tiga per-lima
three fifths ; but beside these we meet with some derivatives from numerals,
expressing titles of command and office, as ^^iJu peng-rdlus a centurion,
from ^\j rdtus an hundred, and ^^m peng-lima or panglTma a go-
vernor, prefect, from *J lima five : but the origin of the appellation is
uncertain.
\I Lastly, derivatives may be formed progressively from other derivatives,
in a mode that will appear intricate to those who begin to study the
language, or who are accustomed only to the ordinary colloquial dialect,
but which is not devoid of method and consistency, as may be seen in
the word ^U satna alike, same, which becomes by duphcation the adverb
r*L sdma-sama together, from whence is formed the verb r>,L^ bei-
sdma-sama to act in concert, and by annexing a particle, the derivative
noun ^^'U-^Lpj ber-sdma-samd-(m confederacy, concert. Thus also in
the sentence, ^\J^j ^^ jU ^^la^^ ^^ jIj tiuda kami ber-ka-lmpdh-an
tidda kdmi ber-ka-kordng-an we are not in a state of abounding, nor are
we in a state of poverty, where the two derivatives progressively formed
from the verbs *a^ Ihnpah and c^^ korang, become verbal nouns in one
stage, and finally verbs again. So likewise 'jJUj pinggaiig the waist
may become ^^J^ sc-per-pinggdng-an-Jiia what is worn about her
waist
;