A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

MALAYAN LANGUAGE. g
ji sh, as in " shine, bush, fashion," is the ch of the French, sch of
the Germans, and * of the Portuguese, and is so pronounced in »li, sliak
king, ij..^ shems sun, and some others borrowed from the Arabic, Per-
sian, and Sanskrit ; but more frequently it is softened to a simple 5, as
in iJ^aJOt setan satan, ijl^ sahadat testimony, ^jjj:, saksi a witness, ^^Jji,
iiksa punishment.
^Ja s or ss, occurs only in Arabic words, as j^ sabar patient, ^ sah
proved, ^-i,^ sarfu grammar, and has then a sound somewhat harder than
our ss in " pass, tassel, kissing."
^ dl also occurs only in words borrowed from the Arabic, and the
grammars of that language are not imiform with respect to its true
pronunciation, some expressing it by d, others by dz, whilst the Persians
give it the sound of a pure z. By the Malays, in most places, it is
pronounced as dl in the words li, ridla will, inclination, . .>->--; dlaif
weak, -JU- hadlir (by the Persians ha%ir) present, ready. In some parts,
however, the Malays give it a sound approaching nearer to the d than to
the dl in our words " faddle, meddle."
L t, both in the Malayan and the Arabic pronunciation, difiers little,
if at all, from that of the t:y, or our common ;, as in the words ^^ tufan
a storm, i_^. n^U tahlb a physician, j^lt talak divorce. It is not used iri
any words properly Malayan, although not confined to such as are purely
Arabic ; for it may be observed, that when the Arabians adopt Greek
or other foreign terms, they represent the sound of t by this letter in
preference to the cj, as in ^^Jjaj kartas paper, jy^ orjy^ tambur a
drum, ^J^^\JO firnhdus Tripoli, ^jlL fidk talc.
Si tl occurs only in Arabic words, as^Ui manifest, which the Malays
pronounce tlahir, as in our words " battle, settle," the Arabians dahir
D (according