A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

gS A GPvAMMAR OF THE
jarigan kamu ber-angkat meldnkan dangan kawan sorang do not set
out on your journey unless with a companion.
The indirect conjunctives may be enumerated as follows, viz. lS>jeka,
^ jckalau, p kalau and j^ kalau if, JX^ sopaya, ^\ agar that,
in order that, for, J^ meleinkan unless, ^\ij telapt, ^^ wellaki7i but,
hoAvbeit, yet, ^ hernia but, excepting, but only, uj'^jugn, f^-jfia also,
still, only, ^L or ^l^ saja only, JjS piila also, il^'i Idgl yet, still,. Jj^^^
se-ber-mula in the first place, ^ bahwa whereas, Jy cj'i lagi-piila, J^o^
sahadan. ^} arkiyan, j&\^ tambdhmi moreover, further, ^_^j 7^;^; that
is to say, ^^ ka-tdu-i to wit, ^^^ kulakuin whenever, so often as, J_>^j
sanibil, i_Li selang whilst, ^\j^ serdya then, at the same time, withal, ^U
mdd whether, j_^U mdsa what though, ^\^ gardngan, i:ij\ antah for-
sooth ? an ? nonne ? jtU tdgal, ^J^ kdrna, t ^
scbdh because.
Whatever may have been the origin of the two direct conjunctives,
which from their obvious use must have occurred very early in the
procuress of language, little doubt can exist that the others (as well as
adverbs and prepositions) were originally nouns or verbs, or phrases
which for the sake of brevity in utterance have been contracted; as
already noticed in treating of tVie adverb. Thus the word ,Jl~l< vie-
leinkan unless, is properly a verb signifying " to change," and that verb
is a derivative from j) lain, an adjective signifying " other, different."
It is not uncommon to employ together, without any apparent advan-
tao^e to the sense, two conjunctives, each of the same meaning. This
happens more particularly where one of the synonimous words is bor-
lowed from the Arabic, as ^\sL~i ji\ agar sopdya in order that, t-^-w ^,J^
kdrna sebdb because, jp ^Ja^ sahadan piila moreover.
Interjections