A grammar of the Malayan language, with an introduction and praxis..

MALAYAN LANGUAGE. 89
Pronouns personal and demonslralive, including the Article.
Verbs or affirmatives of being, acting, or sufTering.
Adverbs or modals.
Prepositions or directives.
Conjunctions or connectives.
Interjections or exclamations.
Inseparable Particles or formatives.
Of Nouns.
Nouns in this language cannot properly be said to possess the distinc-
tions cither of gender, number, or case. The absurdity of attributing
difference of sex to things, or to the names of things not organised by na-
ture to reproduce their kind, did not suggest itself to the framers or
methodisers of the Malayan tongue. The real difference existing in
animate beings, as well as that presumed to exist in vegetables, is denoted
by appropriate words expressive of the sex, as ti/K! laki-laki man, male,
^^^jS peraynpuan woman, female, j::^ jantan the male, and ^^ betma
the female of animals in general, as c/K) c^j\ orang laki-ldki a man
(distinguished from a woman), ^j^/ \j^ orang peravipuan a woman
(distinguished from a man), ^j^i*- ^^ kuda jantan a stallion, ^^ ^X
kJida betma a mare, ^us- *j3 %