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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY TABLE 2.—Abbreviated Chronology of Temperate Northwestern Pacific Scleractinian Publications (* denotes significant taxonomic works). Year Authors) Comments 1849 1850b 1857 1865 1871 1876 1881 1888 1888a 1888b 1892 1900 *1922 •1932g *1937 *1942a *1942b *1968 1976 1977 1977 1980 1981 1981a 1982 1982 1983 1986 1986a 1987 1989a M991 Song Gray Milne Edwards and Haime Milne Edwards and Haime Verrill Kent Duncan Moseley Ortmann Marenzeller Marenzeller Rehberg Vaughan Van der Horst Yabe and Eguchi Yabe and Eguchi Yabe and Eguchi Yabe and Eguchi Eguchi Keller Keller Cheng Mori and Minoura Zou Keller Keller Song Mori and Minoura Yajima Owens Mori Cairns (= Truncatoflabellum candeanum). His report of F. distinction from off Japan was a correction of the type locality of the Red Sea given in the original account, but his Japanese assignations for F. bairdi and F. elegans also contradict (supplement?) the reports of an unknown type locality given by the authors of those species (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a, 1857). Milne Edwards and Haime (1850b. 1857, respectively) did specifically report two azooxanthellate species from off Japan: Cyathelia axillaris (Ellis and Solander, 1786) and Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794). Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) credited Verrill (1869) with the report of Eupsammia stimpsoniana (= Balanophyllia stimpsonii) from Kagosima Bay; however, Verrill's original and subsequent descriptions (Verrill, 1865, 1866) refer only to the "North China Sea," not a specific Japanese or temperate locality. Shortly thereafter, Saville Kent (1871) described two new species from unspecified localities off Japan: Acanthocyathus 3 species of Flabellum reported off Japan Cyathelia axillaris listed for Japan Desmophyllum dianthus reported from off Japan Eupsammia stimpsoniana (= Balanophyllia stimpsonii) from "North China Sea" 2 new species described from off Japan 2 new species described from off Honshu, Japan Flabellum japonicum, new species, described from Sagami Bay Stephanophyllia superstes, new species, described from Sagami Bay 3 species of Flabellum reported from off Japan, one new 3 species reported from Sagami Bay, including 2 new species 3 new species reported off Japan Levipalifer orientalis, new species, described off Honshu 5 dendrophylliid species reported from off Japan, including 1 new species Revision of fossil and Recent Stephanophyllia from Japan Revision of Deltocyathus from Japanese region Revision of the 13 species of the genus Flabellum from off Japan 84 fossil and Recent species of solitary corals reported from off Japan, including 14 new species 62 Recent species reported from Sagami Bay, including 12 new species Deep-water Fungiacyathus reported from off Hokkaido Abyssal Leptopenus reported from off Kurile Islands Flabellum apertum reported off Kyushu Ontogeny of Flabellum coalitum (= F. pavoninum) discussed Checklist of azooxanthellates from East China Sea Deep-water Caryophyllia reported from off Kurile Islands Deep-water Deltocyathus reported from off Honshu First report of azooxanthellate corals from off South Korea Discussion of genetic control of septal number in Cylindrophyllia orientalis Distribution of Rhizopsammia minuta mutsuensis discussed Rhombopsammia squiresi, new species, descibed from off Kyushu Discussion of genetic control of septal number in Caryophyllia compressa Several azooxanthellate corals reported from off Pratas Islands, northern South China Sea 19 azooxanthellate corals listed for waters off South Korea spiniger and Flabellum (= Aulocyathus) matricidum, the types of which are deposited at the British Museum. Also based on British Museum specimens, Duncan (1876) described two new species from off Owase, Mie-ken, Honshu: Deltocyathus orientalis (= Peponocyathus australiensis) and Javania insignis. Only one species from off Japan was reported in the Challenger Expedition Reports: the new species Flabellum japonicum Moseley, 1881, from Sagami Bay, Honshu. The type of this species is deposited at the British Museum. The new species Stephanophyllia superstes (= Letepsammia formosissima) was also described from Sagami Bay by Ortmann (1888), the type deposited at the Strasbourg Zoological Museum (H. Zibrowius, pers. comm.). Marenzeller (1888a) reported three species of Flabellum from off Japan (probably from Sagami Bay), including one new species, F. coalitum (= F. pavoninum); these specimens are deposited at the NMW. In the same year Marenzeller (1888b)
NUMBER 557 described two new species from Sagami Bay, Caryophyllia japonica and Stephanotrochus (= Stephanocyathus) spiniger, and extended the range of Cyathoceras (= Crispatotrochus) rubescens Moseley, 1881; these specimens are also deposited in the NMW. Rehberg (1892) reported the following three new species from off Japan: Amphehelia adminicularis (= Enallopsammia rostrata), Dendrophyllia japonica, and Coenopsammia ramiculosa (= ?Tubastraea micrantha); and an additional Japanese record of Dendrophyllia conferta Quelch, 1866 (= ?D. arbuscula). Some of Rehberg's specimens are still deposited at the ZMB. Vaughan (1900) described the commonly collected Levipalifer orientalis (later renamed Deltocyathus vaughani) from off Honshu, but in the next 32 years only one paper was published that included azooxanthellate corals from the Japanese region: Van der Horst's (1922) report on the Indonesian Siboga dendrophylliids. From off Japan he reported: Dendrophyllia jponica (later renamed D. boschmai Van der Horst, 1926); D. cribrosa Milne Edwards and Haime, 1851; D. coccinea (Ehrenberg, 1834) (= ?Cladopsammia gracilis); D. willeyi (Gardiner, 1899) (= ?Cladopsammia gracilis); and Balanophyllia gigas Moseley, 1881; as well as many other species from Indonesia now known to occur in Japanese waters. His specimens are deposited at the ZMA. Beginning in 1932 and continuing for 45 years until 1977 (one year before his death) Motoki Eguchi authored 95 papers on fossil and Recent corals of the Japanese region, many of his earlier papers coauthored with Hisakatsu Yabe. The excellent biography by Mori (1980) lists all of Eguchi's papers and includes a cross reference to every mention of a species name made in his papers. Only five of his most significant papers are listed in Table 2 and discussed herein. From the standpoint of azooxanthellate Scleractinia, the most significant contribution was: "Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan" (Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b), which must be considered as the starting point for serious work on northwestern Pacific azooxanthallate corals. It was the first attempt at a synthesis of knowledge of the corals from this region, including a treatment of 84 species, 14 of them new species. Their report was based primarily on the collections of the vessel Soyo-Maru (1926-1930) and to a lesser extent from the vessels Husa-Maru, Sitito-Maru, and Hukui-Maru, as well as numerous fossil localities. Most of these specimens are deposited at the TIUS. Yabe and Eguchi's (1942a) revision of the 13 species of fossil and Recent flabellids from Japan is also significant in that it laid the foundation for their contemporaneous paper on the fossil and Recent simple corals from the same region. Much later in his career, Eguchi (1968) wrote "The Scleractinian Corals of Sagami Bay," in which he described and illustrated 62 azooxanthellate species and subspecies, including 12 new species or subspecies and one new subgenus, Alcockia. Unlike the previously discussed paper, this book also included colonial species, but was restricted to the fauna of Sagami Bay. The specimens that he studied were primarily from the collection of Emperor Hirohito and are deposited in the Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household, Tokyo. Two other papers by Yabe and Eguchi (1932g, 1937) deserve mention for their comprehensive revision of the micrabaciids and the genus Deltocyathus, respectively, in the Japanese region. In a series of three papers, Mori and Minoura (1980, 1983) and Mori (1987) discussed genetic control of septal number using Japanese specimens of Cylindrophyllia orientalis and Caryophyllia compressa. Cheng (1977) reported Flabellum apertum (= F. apertum borealis) from several stations off Kyushu, and Yajima (1986) summarized all records of the Sea of Japan endemic Rhizopsammia minuta mutsuensis. Finally, Owens (1986a) described a new genus and species of micrabaciid from off Koshiki Island, Kyushu: Rhombopsammia squiresi. Various checklists and brief species descriptions of corals from the Japanese region were published by: Utinomi (1956, 1965, 1971), Mori (1964), Kikuchi (1968), Hamada (1969), Okutani (1969), and Tribble and Randall (1986). These are not listed in Table 2 but are referenced in the Literature Cited and in species synonymies. Grygier (1983) and Zibrowius and Grygier (1985) also published records of Japanese azooxanthellates in the context of their being hosts for ascothoracid parasites. Most recently, Ogawa and Matsuzaki (1992a,b) published a listing of the 871 nominal species of Scleractinia reported from Japanese waters. Off northern Japan, including Hokkaido and the Kurile Islands, Keller (1976, 1977, 1981a, 1982) reported various species of Fungiacyathus, Leptopenus, Caryophyllia, and Deltocyathus collected by the Vityaz from bathyal depths. To the south of Japan, but still in the warm temperate region (western East China Sea and Formosa Strait), azooxanthellate species were reported by Zou (1981) and Cairns (1989a). To the west of Japan, the only reports of azooxanthellate corals from off South Korea - including the eastern Yellow Sea, Chejo Do, and the western Sea of Japan - have been the papers of Song (1982, 1988, 1991), who reported a total of 19 azooxanthellate species from this region. In this account 102 species are reported from the temperate northwestern Pacific (Table 5), including 22 new records for the region, three new genera, 5 new species, one new subspecies, and 9 new combinations. Caryophyllia laevicostata is mentioned in the species account but not counted as a species record. For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that several nonima nuda have been published from the Japanese region, especially by Yabe and Eguchi (1932a,b) and Eguchi (1934), but most of these names were made available by the same authors in later publications. But, three that remain as nomina nuda are: Balanophyllia niinoi, Eupsammia miyasakiensis, and Letepsammia marukawai, all listed by Eguchi (1934:368). Another nomen nudum from Japan was listed by Blainville
Page 1 and 2: Scleractinia of the Temperate North
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbrev
Page 7 and 8: NUMBER 557 Stephanophyllia Michelin
Page 9: NUMBER 557 vii Flabellum (U.) apert
Page 12 and 13: D:H Ratio of calicular diameter to
Page 16 and 17: (1834:354) as Dendrophyllia semiram
Page 18 and 19: Zoogeography I. Northeastern Pacifi
Page 20 and 21: 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 30 and 31: 20 Vaughan, 1903. Caryophyllia cali
Page 32 and 33: 22 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records
Page 34 and 35: 24 USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 1
Page 36 and 37: 26 TYPE SPECIES.—Nomlandia califo
Page 38 and 39: 28 Corallites ceratoid, often sligh
Page 40 and 41: 30 Scotia to Burdwood Bank (Cairns,
Page 42 and 43: 32 2 prototheca secondary eDitheca
Page 44 and 45: 34 0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one
Page 46 and 47: 36 height or diameter. Extratentacu
Page 48 and 49: 38 closely spaced carinae; and a lo
Page 50 and 51: 40 ratio and a more solid base, wit
Page 52 and 53: 42 MATERIAL EXAMINED.^WW Records: T
Page 54 and 55: 44 DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Ba
Page 56 and 57: 46 in 4 complete cycles according t
Page 58 and 59: 48 and 15-19 pali) thus appears to
Page 60 and 61: 50 an S3 and have slightly sinuous
Page 62 and 63: 52 Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 19
Page 64 and 65:
54 shallow, containing an elliptica
Page 66 and 67:
56 separated from its septum by a r
Page 68 and 69:
58 mm in calicular diameter and 22.
Page 70 and 71:
60 A. matricidus by its broader and
Page 72 and 73:
62 TYPE SPECIES.—Phyllangia ameri
Page 74 and 75:
64 Septa hexamerally arranged in 3
Page 76 and 77:
66 with that species (Cairns, 1989a
Page 78 and 79:
68 Tropidocyathus pilots (Alcock, 1
Page 80 and 81:
70 vermiformis is easily distinguis
Page 82 and 83:
72 38-41 mm; seventh cycle graduall
Page 84 and 85:
74 figs. 2, 3.—Kikuchi, 1968:8—
Page 86 and 87:
76 TruncatoflabeUum spheniscus (Dan
Page 88 and 89:
78 crests or spurs (not spines) occ
Page 90 and 91:
80 Theca marked by thin (0.05 mm wi
Page 92 and 93:
82 inner edge being dentate to laci
Page 94 and 95:
84 Balanophyllia sp. A PLATE 40/ Ba
Page 96 and 97:
86 BalanophyIlia fistula—Yabe and
Page 98 and 99:
88 gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haim
Page 100 and 101:
90 shape. Colony obviously dead whe
Page 102 and 103:
92 6.0-6.5 x 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter
Page 104 and 105:
94 (38354). Type Locality: La Paz,
Page 106 and 107:
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 108 and 109:
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 110 and 111:
Abe, N. 1939. [Ecological Studies o
Page 112 and 113:
102 Marine Biology, 71:223-231, 9 f
Page 114 and 115:
104 Nishimura, S., and K. Susuki 19
Page 116 and 117:
106 1935. Notes on Some Turbinolian
Page 118 and 119:
Plates 1-42
Page 120 and 121:
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
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