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NUMBER 557 67
Eguchi, 1937), since P. orientalis Yabe and Eguchi, 1932 is a
junior secondary homonym of Deltocyathus orientalis Duncan,
1876 (= Peponocyathus australiensis).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: TM (KT9015,
HK2), 1, USNM 92772; TM (KT9015, CB2-2), 2, USNM
92773; TM (KT9015, CB1-2), 6, USNM 92774, 2, ORI; TM
(KT9202, YT4), 1, USNM 92775; USGS 17681, Pleistocene of
Okinawa, 1, USNM 88670. Previous Records: Holotype of 5.
folliculus, MCZ.
TYPES.—The holotype of Stephanophyllia folliculus is
deposited at the MCZ. Type Locality: Bibb-5\: 24°12'40"N,
81°19'25"W (Straits of Florida), 433 m.
Five syntypes of Peponocyathus orientalis Yabe and Eguchi,
1932b are deposited at the TIUS (43423). Type Locality:
Pleistocene ofKikai-jima, Ryukyu Islands.
Approximately 62 syntypes of Discotrochus minimus from
11 localities are deposited at the TIUS. Type Localities:
Neogene of Taiwan; Chiba Prefecture, Honshu; Shimbara
Peninsula, Kyushu. Recent of Toyama Bay, depth unknown.
DISTRIBUTION.—Recent of Japan: Sagami and Suruga Bays,
Honshu; off Amakusa Island, Kyushu; Eastern Strait off
southwestern Honshu; Toyama Bay, Honshu; Osumi Shoto,
northern Ryukyu Ids; 30-402 m. Neogene of Chiba Prefecture;
Shimbara Peninsula, Kyushu; Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands.
Elsewhere: South China Sea, Philippines, Celebes, Atlantic
Ocean; 50-582 m.
Tropidocyathus Milne Edwards
and Haime, 1848a
DIAGNOSIS.—Corallum solitary and cuneiform to campanulate,
with a rounded base; transverse division absent, but
asexual fragmentation occurs in some species. Alate lateral
thecal crests present in some species. Theca imperforate; costae
serrate to granular and correspond to septa. Septa highly exsert.
Pali occur in three crowns before all but last cycle; columella
papillose to lamellar.
TYPE SPECIES.—Flabellum Lessonii Michelin, 1842, by
monotypy.
Tropidocyathus lessoni (Michelin, 1842)
PLATE 29aJ>
Flabellum Lessonii Michelin, 1842:119.
Trochocyathus (Tropidocyathus) cf. lessoni.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 124.
Trochocyathus (Tropidocyathus) wellsi Yabe and Eguchi 1942b: 124, 153, pi.
10: fig. 22a,b.
Tropidocyathus lessonii.—Eguchi, 1965:289, 2 figs.
Tropidocyathus wellsi.—Eguchi, 1965:290. 2 figs.
Tropidocyathus lessoni.—Cairns, 1989a:33-34, pi. 16: figs, d-1 [synonymy].—Caims
and Keller. 1993:253, fig. 7c.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum cuneiform, with a rounded base
and pronounced edge crests that may project laterally up to 5.2
mm and be 0.6-1.4 mm thick. Largest specimen known, the
holotype of T. wellsi, measures 18 x 14 mm in calicular
diameter and is 17 mm in height. Calice elliptical to
diamond-shaped, with GCD:LCD ratios of 1.1-1.5. Costae
broad and flat, the Cu3 being slightly wider than the C4. CU3
bear 3 or 4 granules across their width near the calice, whereas
C4 are only about 2 granules wide. Intercostal furrows narrow
(about 0.15 mm) and relatively shallow (0.4 mm), degenerating
about two-thirds distance to corallum base, the lower third of
the thecal faces uniformly granulated and lacking costal
furrows. Theca of fresh specimens pale orange; septa white.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles according
to the formula S1>S2>S4>S3. S! highly exsert (up to 2.5 mm),
extend about three-quarters distance to columella, and have
thick, straight inner edges. A relatively small (0.3 mm wide),
low P, occurs on every Sv S2 almost as exsert and as wide as
an Sv and also have thick straight inner edges, but each usually
bears a large palus (e.g., 0.5 mm wide) that reaches higher in
the fossa than the Pt; P2 occasionally missing. S3 considerably
less exsert than S1-2, about three-quarters width of an S2, and
have relatively thin, slightly sinuous inner edges. Each S3 bears
a rather large palus up to 1.6 mm in width, pairs of which often
loosely fuse to its flanked P2 near the columella into a
chevron-like structure. Inner edges of all pali (P^) border on
columella. S4 less exsert but slightly wider than an S3. Septal
and palar faces bear tall granules. Fossa of moderate depth,
containing an elongate columella composed of basally fused
papillae.
DISCUSSION.—Tropidocyathus lessoni is relatively easily
distinguished from T. pileus by the following characters.
Tropidocyathus lessoni has prominent, granular thecal edge
crests; T. pileus does not. The costae of T. lessoni degenerate
into granules towards the base and the intercostal spaces are
shallow; costae and well-defined intercostal spaces of T. pileus
extend to the corallum base. Furthermore, the costae of T.
lessoni are flat and bear 2-4 granules across their width,
whereas those of T. pileus are rounded and bear essentially a
single row of peripheral granules. Finally, the theca of T.
lessoni is orange, that of T. pileus is white.
A more complete description is given by Cairns (1989a).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: TM (KT9202,
YT2), 7, USNM 92779, 2, ORI; TM (KT9309, AM6), 3, ORI;
USGS 17451, north of Iwa, Okinawa, Pleistocene, 1, USNM
88674. Previous Records: Specimens reported from the
Philippines (Cairns, 1989a) and the southwest Indian Ocean
(Cairns and Keller, 1993).
TYPES.—The holotype of Flabellum Lessonii is deposited in
the Michelin Collection at the MNHNP. No type locality was
given.
The holotype of Trochocyathus wellsi is deposited at the
TIUS (43691). Type Locality: Soyo Maru-439: 31°52TS(,
128°O1 'E (off Danjo Gunto, East China Sea), 155 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: East China Sea off southwestern
Kyushu and Danjo Gunto; off Osumi Shoto and Amami
Oshima, northern Ryukyu Islands; 98-155 m. Pleistocene of
Ryukyu Islands. Elsewhere: South China Sea, Philippines,
Indonesia, southwest Indian Ocean; 62-421 m.