PDF (Hi-Res) - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

50
an S3 and have slightly sinuous inner edges. Septa are well
spaced. A crown of 12 planar (2 mm wide) P3 occurs within the
fossa encircling a linear columella composed of 3-6 broad,
twisted elements.
DISCUSSION.—The only Japanese record of this species was
Kent's original description from an unspecified location and
depth off Japan. No additional North Pacific specimens are
reported herein, and the description above is based on three
syntypes and a suite of specimens from off the Philippines
(Alb-5369,5371).
Caryophyllia (A.) spiniger is distinguished from C. (A.)
grayi by several characters. Caryophyllia spiniger always has
48 septa and 12 pali; C. grayi has 56-72 septa and 14-18 pali.
Also, C. spiniger has: ridged Cuz* not ' ow > slightly convex
costae; highly exsert S, that are larger than its S2; and a
straight, not curved, corallum and thus a symmetrical arrangement
of edge spines, not unequal as in C. grayi. Furthermore,
the edge spines of C. spiniger are spatulate, those of C. grayi
are circular to elliptical in cross section. Finally, there is a
tendency for lateral thecal spines to occur in C. spiniger, but not
in C. grayi.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-5369, 15,
USNM 92689; Alb-5371, 28, USNM 92690, 2, ORI. Previous
Records: 3 syntypes, BM.
TYPES.—At least 3 syntypes (Plates 21/, 22c) of A. spiniger
are deposited at the BM (uncataloged). Type Locality:
"Japan," depth unknown.
DISTRIBUTION.—Off Japan, depth range unknown. Elsewhere:
Philippines; 152-194 m.
Subgenus Caryophyllia (Premocyathus) Yabe
and Eguchi, 1942b
DIAGNOSIS.—Caryophyllia having compressed coralla with
alate to carinate lateral edges.
TYPE SPECIES.—Premocyathus compressus Yabe and
Eguchi, 1942b, by original designation.
DISCUSSION.—Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) established Premocyathus
as a separate genus but Wells (1956) later
considered it to be a subgenus of Caryophyllia. I (Cairns,
1991a) treated it as separate genus, but now agree with Wells,
that it should be a subgenus of Caryophyllia. Its variation from
typical Caryophyllia is no more than that of the other subgenus
Acanthocyathus, both subgenera differing only in the degree of
septa! edge modification.
Caryophyllia (P.) compressa Yabe and Eguchi, 1942
PLATE 22*,/
Caryophyllia compressa Yabe and Eguchi, 1932b:443 [nomen nudum].
Premocyathus compressus Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 121, 151-152, pi. 10: figs.
13. 14.—Eguchi, 1965:285, fig.—Eguchi and Miyawaki. 1975:57.
Not Caryophyllia compressa Gardiner and Waugh. 1938:180 (junior homonym,
replacement name C. zanzibarensis Zou. 1984].
Not Caryophyllia (Premocyathus) compressus.—Wells. I956:F422, fig. 323, 3.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Not Premocyathus compressus.—Cairns, 1984:14.
Caryophyllia {Premocyathus) compressa.—Mori, 1987:21-30,9 figs.
Description of Recent Specimens.—Corallum compressed,
free, and evenly curved up to 90° in plane of GCD. Largest
specimen examined (TM (KT9015, BS2)) 8.3 x 5.4 mm in
calicular diameter (GCD:LCD = 1.53) and 18.5 mm in height.
Base of corallum invariably broken, revealing an irregularly
circular scar 1.5-2.0 mm in diameter. Outer (convex) side of
corallum slightly ridged; inner (concave) edge evenly rounded.
Costae well developed, slightly convex, and coarsely granular.
Corallum white.
Septa usually decamerally arranged in three size classes, the
tertiary cycle often incomplete. Common septal/palar arrangements
include: 10:10:20, 10; 10:10:18, 9; 10:10:10, 5; and
10:10:8, 4 (notation follows that of Mori, 1987, in which the
number of pali follows the comma). There is in general a direct
correlation between number of septa and GCD, the first pairs of
tertiary septa (and P2) occurring in sectors adjacent to the
principal septa (termed "spaces iv and v" by Mori, 1987).
Primary septa moderately exsert (up to 0.7 mm), and have
sinuous, vertical inner edges that attain the columella.
Secondary septa about three-quarters width of primaries and
also have quite sinuous inner edges. Tertiary septa equal to or
only slightly less wide than secondaries, and have almost
straight inner edges. Slender, sinuous pali occur only before
those secondary septa flanked by tertiary septa, the palar crown
thus ranging from 1-10 elements. Fossa of moderate depth,
containing a fascicular columella composed of 8-15 slender,
twisted elements.
DISCUSSION.—In a thorough mophological analysis of over
a thousand Pleistocene specimens of C. compressa from the
type locality, Mori (1987, fig. 3) graphed a direct relationship
between calicular size and number of septa, showing that when
tertiary septa are present, they are most likely to first occur in
the sectors adjacent to the principal septa and least likely to
occur in lateral sectors. Nonetheless, he concluded that septal
number was not a function of size, but rather genetically
determined. Mori also found an enormous range of variation of
septal arrangements (57) and septal symmetries (9), ranging in
symmetry from hexameral (6:6:12, 6) to decatetrameral
(14:14:12,6), the first and last symmetries being quite rare. The
most common symmetry was decameral (68% of the coralla)
and the most common septal arrangement was: 10:10:14, 7
(i.e., 34 septa, 7 pali); the maximum number of septa and pali
never exceeding 48 and 12, respectively.
Specimens reported as P. compressus by Wells (1956) and
Caims (1984) from the Philippines are now thought to be
misidentified for the following reasons. The Philippine
specimens have: papillose (not fascicular) columellas; less
compressed calices; straight-edged septa; and consistently
dodecamerally arranged septa (xl2). Notwithstanding the fact
that Mori found some (3%) dodecameral C. (P.) compressa,
virtually all of the Philippine specimens have that symmetry.