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50 an S3 and have slightly sinuous inner edges. Septa are well spaced. A crown of 12 planar (2 mm wide) P3 occurs within the fossa encircling a linear columella composed of 3-6 broad, twisted elements. DISCUSSION.—The only Japanese record of this species was Kent's original description from an unspecified location and depth off Japan. No additional North Pacific specimens are reported herein, and the description above is based on three syntypes and a suite of specimens from off the Philippines (Alb-5369,5371). Caryophyllia (A.) spiniger is distinguished from C. (A.) grayi by several characters. Caryophyllia spiniger always has 48 septa and 12 pali; C. grayi has 56-72 septa and 14-18 pali. Also, C. spiniger has: ridged Cuz* not ' ow > slightly convex costae; highly exsert S, that are larger than its S2; and a straight, not curved, corallum and thus a symmetrical arrangement of edge spines, not unequal as in C. grayi. Furthermore, the edge spines of C. spiniger are spatulate, those of C. grayi are circular to elliptical in cross section. Finally, there is a tendency for lateral thecal spines to occur in C. spiniger, but not in C. grayi. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-5369, 15, USNM 92689; Alb-5371, 28, USNM 92690, 2, ORI. Previous Records: 3 syntypes, BM. TYPES.—At least 3 syntypes (Plates 21/, 22c) of A. spiniger are deposited at the BM (uncataloged). Type Locality: "Japan," depth unknown. DISTRIBUTION.—Off Japan, depth range unknown. Elsewhere: Philippines; 152-194 m. Subgenus Caryophyllia (Premocyathus) Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b DIAGNOSIS.—Caryophyllia having compressed coralla with alate to carinate lateral edges. TYPE SPECIES.—Premocyathus compressus Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b, by original designation. DISCUSSION.—Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) established Premocyathus as a separate genus but Wells (1956) later considered it to be a subgenus of Caryophyllia. I (Cairns, 1991a) treated it as separate genus, but now agree with Wells, that it should be a subgenus of Caryophyllia. Its variation from typical Caryophyllia is no more than that of the other subgenus Acanthocyathus, both subgenera differing only in the degree of septa! edge modification. Caryophyllia (P.) compressa Yabe and Eguchi, 1942 PLATE 22*,/ Caryophyllia compressa Yabe and Eguchi, 1932b:443 [nomen nudum]. Premocyathus compressus Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 121, 151-152, pi. 10: figs. 13. 14.—Eguchi, 1965:285, fig.—Eguchi and Miyawaki. 1975:57. Not Caryophyllia compressa Gardiner and Waugh. 1938:180 (junior homonym, replacement name C. zanzibarensis Zou. 1984]. Not Caryophyllia (Premocyathus) compressus.—Wells. I956:F422, fig. 323, 3. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Not Premocyathus compressus.—Cairns, 1984:14. Caryophyllia {Premocyathus) compressa.—Mori, 1987:21-30,9 figs. Description of Recent Specimens.—Corallum compressed, free, and evenly curved up to 90° in plane of GCD. Largest specimen examined (TM (KT9015, BS2)) 8.3 x 5.4 mm in calicular diameter (GCD:LCD = 1.53) and 18.5 mm in height. Base of corallum invariably broken, revealing an irregularly circular scar 1.5-2.0 mm in diameter. Outer (convex) side of corallum slightly ridged; inner (concave) edge evenly rounded. Costae well developed, slightly convex, and coarsely granular. Corallum white. Septa usually decamerally arranged in three size classes, the tertiary cycle often incomplete. Common septal/palar arrangements include: 10:10:20, 10; 10:10:18, 9; 10:10:10, 5; and 10:10:8, 4 (notation follows that of Mori, 1987, in which the number of pali follows the comma). There is in general a direct correlation between number of septa and GCD, the first pairs of tertiary septa (and P2) occurring in sectors adjacent to the principal septa (termed "spaces iv and v" by Mori, 1987). Primary septa moderately exsert (up to 0.7 mm), and have sinuous, vertical inner edges that attain the columella. Secondary septa about three-quarters width of primaries and also have quite sinuous inner edges. Tertiary septa equal to or only slightly less wide than secondaries, and have almost straight inner edges. Slender, sinuous pali occur only before those secondary septa flanked by tertiary septa, the palar crown thus ranging from 1-10 elements. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a fascicular columella composed of 8-15 slender, twisted elements. DISCUSSION.—In a thorough mophological analysis of over a thousand Pleistocene specimens of C. compressa from the type locality, Mori (1987, fig. 3) graphed a direct relationship between calicular size and number of septa, showing that when tertiary septa are present, they are most likely to first occur in the sectors adjacent to the principal septa and least likely to occur in lateral sectors. Nonetheless, he concluded that septal number was not a function of size, but rather genetically determined. Mori also found an enormous range of variation of septal arrangements (57) and septal symmetries (9), ranging in symmetry from hexameral (6:6:12, 6) to decatetrameral (14:14:12,6), the first and last symmetries being quite rare. The most common symmetry was decameral (68% of the coralla) and the most common septal arrangement was: 10:10:14, 7 (i.e., 34 septa, 7 pali); the maximum number of septa and pali never exceeding 48 and 12, respectively. Specimens reported as P. compressus by Wells (1956) and Caims (1984) from the Philippines are now thought to be misidentified for the following reasons. The Philippine specimens have: papillose (not fascicular) columellas; less compressed calices; straight-edged septa; and consistently dodecamerally arranged septa (xl2). Notwithstanding the fact that Mori found some (3%) dodecameral C. (P.) compressa, virtually all of the Philippine specimens have that symmetry.
NUMBER 557 51 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: USGS 17450, near Iwa, Okinawa, Shimijiri marl (Pleistocene), 1, USNM 88652; TM (KT9015, BS2), 8, USNM 92686, 3, ORI; TM (KT9202, OS2), 1, USNM 92687; TM (KT9202, OS3), 4, USNM 92688; TM (KT9309, AM8), 1, ORI; off Misaki, Japan, Mortensen Expedition, 30 June 1914, 366 m, ZMC. Previous Records: Specimen illustrated by Wells (1956), USNM. TYPES.—Syntypes of P. compressus are deposited at the TIUS (see Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b). Type Locality: Pleistocene, Ryukyu limestone of Kikai-jima. DISTRIBUTION.—Pleistocene of Ryukyu Islands. Recent: Kii and Bungo Straits; van Dienem Strait, southern Kyushu; Wakasa Bay, Honshu, Sea of Japan; off Amami Oshima, Ryukyu Islands; 115-422 m. Crispatotrochus Tenison Woods, 1878 DIAGNOSIS.—See Part 1. Crispatotrochus rube see ns (Moseley, 1881) PLATE 22gji Cyathoceras rubescens Moseley, 1881:157, pi. 2: fig. 8a-c.—Marenzeller, 1888b:21-22.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 117.—Cairns. 1984:15. Cyathoceras diomedeae Vaughan, 1907:77-78, pi. 7: figs. 1, 2. Cyathoceras diomedae [sic].—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 116-117, pi. 9: fig. 8. Crispatotrochus rubescens.—Cairns, 199la: 15. DESCRIPTION.—Corallum ceratoid, with a flared calice and a firmly attached pedicel about one-quarter diameter of calice. Illustrated specimen (Soyo Afaru-331) 24.3 x 20.6 mm in calicular diameter and 30.4 mm in height, with a pedicel diameter of 6.6 mm. Costae ridged only near calice, otherwise consisting of broad, flat, finely granulated strips. Corallum white or reddish brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 cycles: S1.2>S3>S4>S5. S1-2 highly exsert (as much as 7 mm), and have sinuous, vertical inner edges that join the columella. S3 considerably less exsert (about 4 mm), but as much as 80% as wide as S^ and also have sinuous inner edges. S4.5 equally exsert (about 2.5 mm), the S4 about half size of S3 and the S5 about half size of S4. Fossa moderately deep, containing a crispate, fascicular columella composed of 15-20 slender, twisted elements. DISCUSSION.—Of the 12 valid species of Crispatotrochus (see Cairns, 1991a), only three have five cycles of hexamerally arranged septa: C. rubescens (Moseley, 1881); C. niinoi (Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b); and C.foxi (Durham and Barnard, 1952), all of which occur in the temperate North Pacific and included in this account. C. rubescens is compared to the other two species in the discussions of those species. Both new records reported herein are small specimens with a GCD less than 8 mm and have only four cycles of septa. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: TM (CR79-1), 1, USNM 92685; Okinose, Sagami Bay, 110 m, 11 June 1914, 1, ZMC. Previous Records: Soyo Maru-425,2, TIUS 53695 (C rubescens of Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b); Soyo Afaru-331, 1, TIUS 53694 (C. diomedae of Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b), Plate 22/i. TYPES.—The holotype of Cyathoceras rubescens is lost (see Caims, 1984). Type Locality: Challenger-192: 5°49 / 15"S, 132°14'15"E(Kei I., Banda Sea, Indonesia), 236 m. The types of Cyathoceras diomedeae are deposited at the USNM (see Cairns, 1991b). Type Locality: Alb-3835: 21°00'10"N, 157°5(rw (south of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands), 309-333 m. DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Bay and off Kushimoto, Honshu; off southeastern Shikoku; off Koshiki I., southwestern Kyushu; 110-344 m. Elsewhere: Hawaiian Islands, Christmas I., Philippines, Banda Sea; 183-634 m. Crispatotrochus niinoi (Yabe and Eguchi, 1942) Cyathoceras niinoi Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b:117, 145-146, pi. 9: fig. 9a,b.—?Song, 1982:134-135, pi. 2: figs. 1, 2; 1991:133. Crispatotrochus niinoi.—Cairns, 1991 a: 15. REDIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE.—Corallum ceratoid: 15 x 10.5 mm in calicular diameter and 20 mm in height, with a pedicel diameter of 2 mm (PD:GCD = 0.13). Theca thick and smooth; noncostate. Upper theca white, lower three-quarters of theca eroded and encrusted. Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 complete cycles (96 septa) according to the formula: S1.2>S3>S4>S5. S,_2 slightly exsert (about 1.1 mm) and extend to the columella. S3 about three-quarters width of an S^; S4 about three-quarters width of an S3; S5 rudimentary. Columella fascicular, composed of 7 fused twisted elements. DISCUSSION.—Crispatotrochus niinoi is known from only one, perhaps two (if Song's specimen is included), specimens, neither of which is available for study. The dignosis above comes from Yabe and Eguchi's (1942b) original description. Only two other species of Crispatotrochus are known to have five cycles of septa: C. rubescens (Moseley, 1881) and C. foxi (Durham and Barnard, 1952). Crispatotrochus niinoi differs from C. rubescens in having a smaller corallum and pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.13 vs 0.22-0.27 for C. rubescens); a thicker, noncostate theca; and less exsert septa. Crispatotrochus niinoi is compared to C.foxi in the account of that species. Song's (1982) record from off South Korea is queried because the PD:GCD is 0.80. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—None. TYPES.—The holotype of Cyathoceras niinoi is deposited at the TIUS (59070). Type Locality: Taito-zaki, Chiba-ken (off Boso Peninsula, Honshu), 104 m. DISTRIBUTION.—Off Boso Peninsula, Honshu; ? Western Channel of Korea Strait off Pusan, South Korea, depth unknown (Song, 1982); 104 m. Paracyathus Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a DIAGNOSIS.—See Part 1.
Page 1 and 2:
Scleractinia of the Temperate North
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
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Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbrev
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NUMBER 557 Stephanophyllia Michelin
Page 9: NUMBER 557 vii Flabellum (U.) apert
Page 12 and 13: D:H Ratio of calicular diameter to
Page 14 and 15: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 16 and 17: (1834:354) as Dendrophyllia semiram
Page 18 and 19: Zoogeography I. Northeastern Pacifi
Page 20 and 21: 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 30 and 31: 20 Vaughan, 1903. Caryophyllia cali
Page 32 and 33: 22 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records
Page 34 and 35: 24 USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 1
Page 36 and 37: 26 TYPE SPECIES.—Nomlandia califo
Page 38 and 39: 28 Corallites ceratoid, often sligh
Page 40 and 41: 30 Scotia to Burdwood Bank (Cairns,
Page 42 and 43: 32 2 prototheca secondary eDitheca
Page 44 and 45: 34 0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one
Page 46 and 47: 36 height or diameter. Extratentacu
Page 48 and 49: 38 closely spaced carinae; and a lo
Page 50 and 51: 40 ratio and a more solid base, wit
Page 52 and 53: 42 MATERIAL EXAMINED.^WW Records: T
Page 54 and 55: 44 DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Ba
Page 56 and 57: 46 in 4 complete cycles according t
Page 58 and 59: 48 and 15-19 pali) thus appears to
Page 62 and 63: 52 Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 19
Page 64 and 65: 54 shallow, containing an elliptica
Page 66 and 67: 56 separated from its septum by a r
Page 68 and 69: 58 mm in calicular diameter and 22.
Page 70 and 71: 60 A. matricidus by its broader and
Page 72 and 73: 62 TYPE SPECIES.—Phyllangia ameri
Page 74 and 75: 64 Septa hexamerally arranged in 3
Page 76 and 77: 66 with that species (Cairns, 1989a
Page 78 and 79: 68 Tropidocyathus pilots (Alcock, 1
Page 80 and 81: 70 vermiformis is easily distinguis
Page 82 and 83: 72 38-41 mm; seventh cycle graduall
Page 84 and 85: 74 figs. 2, 3.—Kikuchi, 1968:8—
Page 86 and 87: 76 TruncatoflabeUum spheniscus (Dan
Page 88 and 89: 78 crests or spurs (not spines) occ
Page 90 and 91: 80 Theca marked by thin (0.05 mm wi
Page 92 and 93: 82 inner edge being dentate to laci
Page 94 and 95: 84 Balanophyllia sp. A PLATE 40/ Ba
Page 96 and 97: 86 BalanophyIlia fistula—Yabe and
Page 98 and 99: 88 gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haim
Page 100 and 101: 90 shape. Colony obviously dead whe
Page 102 and 103: 92 6.0-6.5 x 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter
Page 104 and 105: 94 (38354). Type Locality: La Paz,
Page 110 and 111:
Abe, N. 1939. [Ecological Studies o
Page 112 and 113:
102 Marine Biology, 71:223-231, 9 f
Page 114 and 115:
104 Nishimura, S., and K. Susuki 19
Page 116 and 117:
106 1935. Notes on Some Turbinolian
Page 118 and 119:
Plates 1-42
Page 120 and 121:
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
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