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34
0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one outlying record at 587 m
(Durham and Barnard, 1952). According to Gerrodette (1979),
specimens south of Point Conception are always found deeper
than 10 m, which he suggests is an example of equatorial
submergence that occurs at the cold-warm temperate zoogeographic
boundary.
Balanophyllia cedrosensis Durham, 1947
PLATE 1 \g-j
Balanophyllia cedrosensis Durham. 1947:40-41, pi. 11: figs. 3, 5.—Durham
and Barnard, 1952:99, pi. 14: fig. 61a,b.
Balanophyllia tiburonensis Durham, 1947:41-42, pi. 10: figs. 5, 7 [new
synonym].—Squires, 1959:423-426.
REDESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—Corallum poorly preserved,
obviously dead when collected. Corallum ceratoid: 13.7
x 10.4 mm in calicular diameter and 16.4 mm in height, with a
pedicel diameter of 6.2 mm. Costal granulation worn;
intercostal striae almost as wide as costae and quite porous. A
thin epitheca covers lower two-thirds of corallum. Septa
hexamerally arranged in 5 cycles, the last cycle incomplete, the
corallum having approximately 64 septa. S^_2 equal in size,
porous near the theca, but solid on edge toward fossa. Inner
edges of S^ vertical and straight, reaching the columella. S3
and S4 bear large pores, each pair of S4 fused before its adjacent
S3 and continuing to the columella. Pairs of S5 present in some
half-systems, each pair fused to their adjacent S4. Depth of
fossa difficult to determine because of damage to corallum.
Columella discrete, elongate, and spongy, the numerous
columellar elements quite fine and fused to one another.
DISCUSSION.—Examination of nontype specimens show that
the species can attain a calicular diameter of 19 x 15 mm and a
height of 23 mm (Pillsbury-521) and have a full fifth cycle of
septa (96). With greater age and size, the porosity of the septa
decreases until they are solid. No other specimens examined
displayed an epitheca, the costae being distinct from calice to
base. The inner edges of the fused S4 are usually coarsely
dentate, not smooth as is the case in the worn type. Finally, the
columella may consist of a rounded, elliptical field of slightly
swirled elements.
Balanophyllia cedrosensis is distinguished from B. elegans
by having a discrete, convex columella; porous septa in early
ontogeny; and less dentate inner S4 margins. It lacks the stellate
septal pattern characteristic of the strong Pourtales Plan of B.
elegans. The species are also geographically distinct, B. elegans
known only north of Sacremento Reef, northern Baja California,
and B. cedrosensis from south of Isla Cedros to the Bay of
Panama, including the Gulf of California. No differences were
found between the types of B. cedrosensis and B. tiburonensis,
notwithstanding the variation discussed by Durham (1947,
text-fig. 2B.C).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Pillsbury-52\, 5,
USNM 83531; Pillsbury-530, 20, USNM 83532. Previous
Records: Holotype of B. cedrosensis; holotype and paratype
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
of B. tiburonensis; Velero 1259-41, 1, SBMNH (Durham and
Barnard, 1952).
TYPES.—The holotype (Plate 11/-;) of B. cedrosensis is
deposited at the CAS (29961). Type Locality: "Near Cedros
Island on the way to San Benito," depth unknown.
The holotype (Plate 1\g) and paratype of B. tiburonensis are
deposited at the UCMP (14833, 14834, respectively). Type
Locality: 28°44.3'N, 112°34.6'W (off Tiburon I., Gulf of
California), 73 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from a small region from
Cedros Island to Punta Abreojos, Pacific coast of Baja
California Sur, off Tiburon Island, Gulf of California; and the
Bay of Panama; 66- 119m.
Dendrophyllia Blainville, 1830
DIAGNOSIS (emended).—Extratentacular budding forms
colonies of three general forms: arborescent colonies with axial
corallites, small bushy colonies with sparse branching, or
dendroid colonies with sympodial branching. All three forms
originate from a single basal stem. Synapticulothecate; costae
usually well defined. Septa arranged in a Pourtales Plan. Pali
may be present or absent; columella spongy. Tabular endothecal
dissepiments may be present. Azooxanthellate, often found
in shallow water.
TYPE SPECIES.—Madrepora ramea Linnaeus, 1758, by
subsequent designation (Milne Edwards and Haime,
Dendrophyllia oldroydae Oldroyd 1924, nom. correct
PLATES \2jjc, \3a,b
Dendrophyllia oldroydi Oldroyd, 1924, pi. 49: fig. 7.—Williams, 1936:27-28,
1 fig-
Dendrophyllia oldroydi Faustino, 1931:286-287, pi. 1: fig. 2.—?Durham,
1943:201, pi. 32: fig. 1; 1947:38, pi. 10: figs. 1,9.—Bythell, 1986:21, pi. 12:
figs, a-d.—Prahl, 1987:230, figs. 6, 7.—Prahl and Erhardt, 1989:549-550,
fig. 9.—Cairns et al., 1991:48.
Dendrophyllia californica.—Durham and Barnard, 1952:101 [in part: pi. 15:
fig. 65a,b].—Cairns, 1991a:23-24, pi. 10: figs. c-e.
Dendrophyllia cortezi Durham and Barnard, 1952:102-103, pi. 16: fig.
66a,b.—Squires, 1959:426.
Dendrophyllia cf. D. oldroydi Faustino.—Hertlein and Grant, 1960:82-83, pi.
19: figs. 5, 6, 15.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum sympodially branched, forming
large bushy colonies up to 1 m in height (Cairns, 1991a) and
having robust basal branches up to 5 cm in diameter; largest
colonies examined from off California only 35 cm in height
with a basal branch diameter of 2.2 cm. Corallites short and
stout on large-diameter basal branches, projecting only 4-7
mm perpendicular to main branch (e.g., Durham and Barnard,
1952, pi. 15: fig. 65a), but distal corallites, especially those of
fast growing coralla, are inclined distally and elongate, up to 23
mm long (e.g., Williams, 1936, fig. 1). Calices elliptical and
usually less than 10 mm in GCD, but may reach up to 15 x 13
mm in GCD x LCD (USNM 80453). Costae equal in width and
slightly convex, separated by narrow intercostal striae and