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14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 11. Columella labyrinthiform, composed of short interconnected lamellae; inner septal edges straight; theca smooth Labyrinthocyathus quaylei Columella fascicular, composed of twisted laths; inner septal edges slightly sinuous Crispatotrochus foxi 12. Theca costate and granular, often brown to grey Desmophyllum dianthus Theca smooth and porcellaneous, white 13 13. Pedicel reinforced by 12-24 hollow rootlets, best seen in cross section of lower pedicel Polymyces montereyensis Pedicel does not contain rootlets: either slender or stereome-reinforced . . . . 14 14. Pedicel not reinforced with stereome and therefore relatively narrow (25% GCD) 15 15. Corallum relatively small (
NUMBER 557 15 septa (see Cairns, 1991a). TYPE SPECIES.—Fungia symmetrica Pourtales, 1871, by monotypy. Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) marenzelleri (Vaughan, 1906) PLATE la-/ Bathyactis symmetrica.—Moseley, 1881:189 [in part: Challenger-24\, 244].— Marenzeller, 1904b:76 [in part: only Alb-3376, specimens from the other three stations being too fragmentary to identify].—Not Yabe and Eguchi, I942b:\31 [=F.paliferus]. Bathyactis marenzelleri Vaughan. 1906b:66-67, pi. 4: figs. 1-lb. Fungiacyathus symmetricus aleuticus Keller, 1976:39-41, pi. 2: figs. 1-5; pi. 3: figs. 1-19. Fungiacyathus symmetricus fragilis Keller, 1976:41-43 [in part: W/yaz-4158, 4191]. Fungiacyathus marenzelleri.—Cairns, 1979:35-37, pi. 2: figs. 8, 9; pi. 3: figs. 3, 8 [synonymy]; 1982:5-7, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2, 8 [synonymy].—Zibrowius, 1980:24-25, pi. 6: figs. A-M; pi. 7: figs. A-K [synonymy]. Fungiacyathus sp. "a".—Zibrowius and Grygier, 1985:119 [Challenger-24\]. DESCRIPTION.—Corallum fragile, light, and discoidal, having a very thin (0.15 mm), flat to slightly convex, circular base up to 27 mm in diameter in North Pacific specimens. Costae thin, finely serrate, slightly sinuous ridges up to 1 mm in height near calicular edge. Length and height of costae progressively decrease in size according to formula: C1_2>C3>C4. Corallum white or light brown. SU2 extend from center of calice, whereas inner edges of each pair of S3 fuse with the adjacent S2 about one-fourth radius from center of calice in a short triangular canopy. Likewise, each pair of S4 fuse with their adjacent S3 about half radius distance from calicular center through more elongate canopies. S1 largest and only independent septa, composed of 7-10 trabeculae. Innermost 3 or 4 trabeculae of S1 project as inwardly curved carinate spines, the outermost 5 or 6 trabeculae forming a tall (up to 11 mm in height) solid peripheral lobe. Septal faces carinate, each trabeculum producing a curved, slightly serrate ridge up to 0.4 mm in height and symmetrically arranged on each side of septum. Trabecular carinae on St widely spaced (up to 1.2 mm apart) but occasionally doubled, two being directly adjacent. S2 consist of about 8 trabeculae, have a much lower peripheral lobe, and have only 5 or 6 inner spines. S3 consist of 4 or 5 trabeculae in a single peripheral lobe; S4 consist of 3 or 4 trabeculae in a low peripheral lamellae. The third trabecular spines from caliclular center of the 12 S^ are the most exsert, projecting up to 2.5 mm above upper septal edge. Depending on diameter of corallum, 6-11 synapticulae occur per S1t becoming progressively larger toward calicular edge, where they intersect the curved trabecular carinae at an oblique angle (Plate \f), the outermost synapticulae rising well above the S4. Columella variable in development and sometimes even absent, but usually consists of a thin, horizontal circular plate up to 6 mm in diameter, through which project the innermost S:_2 trabecular spines. DISCUSSION.—Most of Keller's (1976) types off. symmetricus aleuticus were examined and found to be conspecific with F. marenzelleri, a species of which she was apparently unaware. Her (Keller, 1976) two Pacific records of F. symmetricus fragilis were examined and also found to be conspecific. The latter two records were inadvertently symbolized as F. symmetricus aleuticus on her distributional map (Keller, 1976:32). Her new subspecies F. s. fragilis is a junior primary homonym of F. fragilis Sars, 1872, but may not require a replacement name since her type series includes several previously described species. Approximately 14 species comprise the subgenus Bathyactis (see Cairns, 1989a). Fungiacyathus marenzelleri is distinguished from other species by its large corallum size and by having straight septa with relatively few, widely-spaced trabecular ridges. Only one other species of Fungiacyathus is known from the temperate North Pacific, a species reported as F. paliferus by Keller (see Fungiacyathus sp. A in northwest Pacific account), which is easily distinguished from F. marenzelleri by having five cycles of septa. Over 100 specimens of F. marenzelleri were collected by the PULSE cruises of SIO, which repeatedly sampled one abyssal locality about 220 km off San Luis Obispo Bay, California at 4100 m. F. marenzelleri is one of the few scleractinians known from that depth in the North Pacific and holds the depth record for a scleractinian coral at 6328 m (Wryaz-4120) in the Aleutian Trench (Keller, 1976). MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-4397, 1, USNM 47467; Ve/ero-4-7228-60, 2, USNM 80119; Vityaz- 5626, 2, USNM 92439; PULSE 1-124, 3, USNM 85790; PULSE 2-216, 25, USNM 87616; PULSE 2-224, 9, USNM 87615; PULSE 3-312, 1, USNM 92440; PULSE 3-314, 15, USNM 92441; PULSE 4-426,8, USNM 92442; PULSE 5-505, 10, USNM 92443; PULSE 6-606, 3, USNM 92444; PULSE 7-721, 5, USNM 92445; PULSE 8-803. 30, USNM 92446; PULSE 9-907, 15, USNM 92447; PULSE 9-910, 8, USNM 92448; PULSE 10-1007, 10, USNM 92449; PULSE 10-1017, 6, USNM 92450; MV 66-II-4, 1, SIO Co 1272; Washington MV 67-111-22, 15, SIO Co 1269; Melville MV69-VI-9, 1, SIO Co 1288; Melville 70-22, 15, SIO Co 1270; Melville MV70-III-6, 10, SIO Co 1268; Horizon MET-133, 5, SIO Co 944. Previous Records: Alb-3376, 1, USNM 22078 (Marenzeller, 1904b); types of F. marenzelleri Vaughan, 1906b, Alb-4721 (USNM), Alb-4670 (MCZ); types of/ 7 , symmetricus aleuticus Keller, 1976: Vityaz-2074, 3166 (5 at USNM 92436), 4120, 5634, 5605 (Plate \e), 5623, 5621, 5622, 5624 (10 at USNM 92437), 6136, 6143 (Plate \c,d), 6142, 6088 (7 at USNM 92438), unless otherwise indicated deposited at IOM; types of F. symmetricus fragilis Keller, 1976: V/fyaz-4158, deposited at IOM; specimens listed by Cairns (1979,1982) and Zibrowius (1980). TYPES.—The holotype of F. marenzelleri is deposited at the USNM (47415). Three paratypes from Alb-4670 are deposited at the MCZ. Type Locality: Alb-4721: 80°7.5'S, 104°10.5'W (off Peru), 3820 m. The holotype and most paratypes (Plate \c-e) of F. symmetricus aleuticus Keller, 1976 are deposited at the IOM,
Page 1 and 2: Scleractinia of the Temperate North
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbrev
Page 7 and 8: NUMBER 557 Stephanophyllia Michelin
Page 9: NUMBER 557 vii Flabellum (U.) apert
Page 12 and 13: D:H Ratio of calicular diameter to
Page 14 and 15: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 16 and 17: (1834:354) as Dendrophyllia semiram
Page 18 and 19: Zoogeography I. Northeastern Pacifi
Page 20 and 21: 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 30 and 31: 20 Vaughan, 1903. Caryophyllia cali
Page 32 and 33: 22 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records
Page 34 and 35: 24 USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 1
Page 36 and 37: 26 TYPE SPECIES.—Nomlandia califo
Page 38 and 39: 28 Corallites ceratoid, often sligh
Page 40 and 41: 30 Scotia to Burdwood Bank (Cairns,
Page 42 and 43: 32 2 prototheca secondary eDitheca
Page 44 and 45: 34 0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one
Page 46 and 47: 36 height or diameter. Extratentacu
Page 48 and 49: 38 closely spaced carinae; and a lo
Page 50 and 51: 40 ratio and a more solid base, wit
Page 52 and 53: 42 MATERIAL EXAMINED.^WW Records: T
Page 54 and 55: 44 DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Ba
Page 56 and 57: 46 in 4 complete cycles according t
Page 58 and 59: 48 and 15-19 pali) thus appears to
Page 60 and 61: 50 an S3 and have slightly sinuous
Page 62 and 63: 52 Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 19
Page 64 and 65: 54 shallow, containing an elliptica
Page 66 and 67: 56 separated from its septum by a r
Page 68 and 69: 58 mm in calicular diameter and 22.
Page 70 and 71: 60 A. matricidus by its broader and
Page 72 and 73: 62 TYPE SPECIES.—Phyllangia ameri
Page 74 and 75:
64 Septa hexamerally arranged in 3
Page 76 and 77:
66 with that species (Cairns, 1989a
Page 78 and 79:
68 Tropidocyathus pilots (Alcock, 1
Page 80 and 81:
70 vermiformis is easily distinguis
Page 82 and 83:
72 38-41 mm; seventh cycle graduall
Page 84 and 85:
74 figs. 2, 3.—Kikuchi, 1968:8—
Page 86 and 87:
76 TruncatoflabeUum spheniscus (Dan
Page 88 and 89:
78 crests or spurs (not spines) occ
Page 90 and 91:
80 Theca marked by thin (0.05 mm wi
Page 92 and 93:
82 inner edge being dentate to laci
Page 94 and 95:
84 Balanophyllia sp. A PLATE 40/ Ba
Page 96 and 97:
86 BalanophyIlia fistula—Yabe and
Page 98 and 99:
88 gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haim
Page 100 and 101:
90 shape. Colony obviously dead whe
Page 102 and 103:
92 6.0-6.5 x 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter
Page 104 and 105:
94 (38354). Type Locality: La Paz,
Page 106 and 107:
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 108 and 109:
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 110 and 111:
Abe, N. 1939. [Ecological Studies o
Page 112 and 113:
102 Marine Biology, 71:223-231, 9 f
Page 114 and 115:
104 Nishimura, S., and K. Susuki 19
Page 116 and 117:
106 1935. Notes on Some Turbinolian
Page 118 and 119:
Plates 1-42
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110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
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