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height or diameter. Extratentacular budding sparse, colonies
examined have no more than 6 or 7 corallites and lack third
generation buds. Corallites elongate and ceratoid, up to 19.9 x
14.4 mm in calicular diameter and 32 mm long. Pedicel
diameter of holotype 14.8 mm. Costae slightly convex and
separated by narrow, porous intercostal striae. C^_2 slightly
narrower than other costae, but not ridged. Costae finely
granular, producing a rough texture. Corallum white.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 cycles, the last cycle
complete only in largest corallites. Sy_2 only about 0.7 mm
exsert and quite slender (only about 1.5 mm wide), with
straight, vertical inner edges that merge with columella low in
fossa. Remaining septa barely exsert, the S3 being the smallest
septa, only about 0.9 mm wide. Inner edges of each pair of S4
form a rudimentary, porous fusion before the S3 and extend to
the columella but do not contribute to it. Occasionally pairs of
S4 do not quite fuse near the columella, especially if S5 are
present. Inner edges of the 12 S^ and 12 combined S4 extend
same distance into calice. If present, inner edges of S5 fuse
before their adjacent S4. Paliform lobes absent. Fossa deep.
Columella similar to that of D. oldroydae: an elongate, swirled
mass of elements, but modest in size, only 20%-25% LCD in
width.
DISCUSSION.—Dendrophyllia californica is distinguished
from D. oldroydae by having a small colony with very sparse
branching; longer, larger corallites with more septa; and a much
deeper fossa. It also differs in lacking paliform lobes, lacking
ridged costae, and in having rudimentary, porous S4 fusions. It
also is known from a more limited geographic and depth range.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Record: Alb-2832, 2
branches, USNM 38113. Previous Records: Holotype of D.
californica; 26°12TSf, 112°35'W, 51-55 m, 1 colony, SIO Co
437 (Bythell, 1986). Reference Specimens: Specimens reported
as D. californica by Durham and Barnard (1952) and
Cairns (1991a).
TYPES.—The holotype (Plate \2g,h) of D. californica is
deposited at the CAS (29960). Type Locality: 27°52'3O"N,
114°54'45"W (Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, near Cedros I.,
Pacific coast of Baja California), 42 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Known from only three localities from the
Pacific coast of Baja California, from Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino
to Bahia Magdalena; 42-93 m.
Part 2: Temperate Northwestern Pacific
Suborder ASTROCOENIINA
Family POCILLOPORIDAE
Madracis Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849
DIAGNOSIS.—Colonial, extratentacular budding producing
massive, encrusting, or branching coralla. Coenosteum solid.
Septa arranged in groups of 6, 8, or 10, but rarely in more than
two cycles (i.e., 12, 16, or 20 septa). Columella styliform;
paliform lobes sometimes present.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
TYPE SPECIES.—Madracis asperula Milne Edwards and
Haime, 1849, by monotypy.
Madracis sp. A
PLATE 13C-/
?Madracis sp.: Wells. 1954:414, pi. 99: fig. 5.
Madracis asanoi.—Eguchi, 1968:C11, pi. C5: figs. 3-7.
DIAGNOSIS.—Colonies delicately branched, terminal branchlets
slender (2-3 mm in diameter), basal branches somewhat
compressed and up to 5 mm in diameter. Largest colony
examined (ZMC, Sagami Bay) only 26 mm in height.
Corallites circular to elliptical in shape and closely spaced,
some directly adjacent to one another, and rarely separated by
more than 1 mm from adjacent corallites. Corallites 1.7-2.5
mm in diameter. Coenosteum faintly striate and covered with
tall (up to 0.4 mm), slender (0.12-0.18 mm) coenosteal spines.
Corallum white.
Septa decamerally arranged in 2 cycles (10:10 = 20 septa).
Primary septa highly exsert but rather slender, each bearing a
small paliform lobe, the 10 lobes forming a crown encircling
the columella. Secondary septa rudimentary, each composed of
a row of small, slender teeth. Fossa relatively shallow, its
central portion a circular horizontal platform on which the
columella and paliform lobes project. Columella a prominent,
plate-like style up to 0.4 mm in height and 0.14 mm in
diameter, usually reaching above the calicular edge. Longer
axis of columellar plate aligned parallel to branch axis.
DISCUSSION.—The geographically closest known species of
Madracis to Japan is M. asanoi Yabe and Sugiyama, 1936,
described from the Pelau Islands. Madracis asanoi is similar to
the Japanese species in calicular diameter and corallite spacing,
but differs in having only 10 (not 20) septa; thicker, more
robust branches; and in lacking paliform lobes. The Japanese
specimens are quite similar to the unnamed species of
Madracis reported by Wells (1954) from Bikini Atoll, Marshall
Islands; however, the growth form of that small specimen was
encrusting. It is not possible to determine if the encrusting
mode was the permanent growth form of this specimen or just
the foundation of a larger branching colony. Madracis
kauaiensis Vaughan, 1907, (Hawaiian and Johnston Islands)
differs in having robust branches; smaller, more widely spaced
corallites; only one cycle of 10 septa; no paliform lobes; and a
much smaller columella. Madracis sp. cf. M. asperula, reported
by Durham and Barnard (1952) and Cairns (1991a) from the
Galapagos Islands, differs in having smaller, more widely
spaced corallites; only 10 septa per corallite; and no paliform
lobes. Thus, the specimens from Sagami Bay appear to
represent an undescribed species, but not enough material is
available to justify the proposal of a new species.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.^MW Records: Off Okinose, Sagami
Bay, 110 m, Mortensen's Pacific Expedition of 1914, 3
colonies, ZMC; 26°30'N, 127°50'54"E (off Okinawa), 64 m, 1
colony, USNM 88378. Previous Records: Madracis sp. of
Wells (1954), USNM 44407. Reference Specimens: Types of