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Balanophyllia sp. A
PLATE 40/
Balanophyllia italica.—Eguchi, 1934:368.
Balanophyllia cf. italica.—Yabe and Eguchi. 1942b: 140, pi. 12: fig.
10a.b.—Eguchi. 1968:C53-54. pi. C12: figs. 10-12; pi. C20: figs. 3. 4.
DISCUSSION.—Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) and Eguchi (1968)
reported 7 specimens from off Japan for which they suggested
a comparison to the French Miocene species B. italica. They
did not provide a description of their species and only one
specimen was available for examination and illustration. From
their illustration it would appear that these specimens differ
from their Japanese congeners by having a crown of pali (P4)
and a more prominent upper thecal edge along the thecal faces
rather than the edges. No specimens in the study material has
pali or such a corallum shape. However, the relatively small
specimen examined (Soyo Maru-641) of GCD = 10.2 mm had
only incipient S5 development and no pali.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: None. Previous
Records: Soyo Maru-(A1, 1, TIUS 59163 (Yabe and Eguchi,
1942b) (Plate 40/). Reference Specimens: Pliocene B. italica
from Pavona, Italy, 1, USNM Ml56368.
DISTRIBUTION.—Sagami Bay, Honshu; Sea of Japan off
extreme northwestern Honshu; 56-100 m.
Balanophyllia teres, sp. nov.
PLATE 36CM
Balanophyllia fistula Yabe and Eguchi. 1942b:141 [in part: "first form," pi. 12:
fig. 14a,b).—Eguchi, 1968:C63.
Dendrophyllia fistula.—Eguchi, 1965:295 [in part: middle figure]; 1968:C62-
63 [in part: "simple form," ?pl. 12: fig. 4-6].
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum terete (cylindrical to slightly conical)
and quite elongate, straight to irregularly curved. Holotype
4.33 mm in calicular diameter and 30.7 mm long; largest
specimen (Alb-4903) 7.0 mm in calicular diameter and 60.0
mm long. Basal tip of colony free: either pointed and worn or
transversely fractured. Buds absent. Corallum obviously
epithecate, a continuous, smooth, thick epitheca extending
virtually to calice. Underlying noncostate synapticulotheca
visible only on lower half of corallum or on coralla dead when
collected. Corallum white.
Septa arranged in a weak Pourtales Plan of 3-4 cycles. A
corallum of 3.5-4.5 mm GCD has only 3 septal cycles (24
septa), whereas a slightly larger specimen of GCD = 5.6 mm
has about 40 septa, and the largest specimen of GCD = 7.0 mm
has a full fourth cycle (48 septa). S, slightly exsert (0.3-0.6
mm) and relatively narrow, with straight, entire inner edges that
fuse with the columella only deep within fossa. S2 of small
coralla (e.g., holotype) small (only about one-third width of an
St) but in a larger corallum having pairs of S4 within their
half-systems, S2 are three-quarters width of an S, and almost
attain the columella. S3 of smaller coralla slightly wider than
the S2, the inner laciniate edges of each pair of S3 within a
system fusing before its adjacent S2 near the columella. S3 of
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
larger coralla quite small, each flanked by a pair of larger S4
that loosely fuse near the columella. Fossa moderately deep,
containing a discrete spongy columella, that, in larger
specimens, is constricted by the inner edges of the 4 lateral Sv
DISCUSSION.—Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) distinguished two
similar taxa of dendrophylliids that they referred to as forms of
Balanophyllia fistula, but later (Eguchi, 1968) as two separate
species: DendrophyllialBalanophyllia fistula and Alcockia
wellsi. The former species was characterized as being simple
and epithecate, the latter as colonial and costate (nonepithecate).
It is clear from Yabe and Eguchi's (1942b, pi. 12: fig.
14a,b) illustration of a specimen from Soyo Maru-3\6, later
listed as Balanophyllia fistula by Eguchi, 1968, that it is
conspecific with B. teres. Balanophyllia teres is distinctive
among the other Recent species in having such a slender,
elongate, cylindrical corallum. It is not Balanophyllia fistula
Alcock, 1902 (Plate 36/,g), which is a colonial coral herein
assigned to the genus Eguchipammia. The costate colonial
form referred to as Alcockia wellsi by Eguchi (1968) is
discussed in the account of Eguchipsammia wellsi.
ETYMOLOGY.—The species name teres (Latin teres, meaning
"rounded," "well turned," "cylindrical" or "terete") refers to
the slender corallum shape of this species.
MATERIAL EXAMINED/TYPES.—Holotype: TM (KT9202,
OS2), USNM 92888 (Plate 36c). Paratypes: Alb-4903, 3,
USNM 92889; Alb-4904, 2, USNM 92890; TM (KT9015,
BS2), 7, USNM 92891; TM (KT9202, OS2), 1, ORI. Previous
Records: B. fistula of Yabe and Eguchi (1942b), Soyo
Maru-316, 1, TIUS 58971. Type Locality: 30°59 / N, 130°31 'E
(mouth of Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu), 237-241 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Kii Strait, Honshu to Fukue Jima, East
China Sea; 154-237 m.
Endopachys Lonsdale, 1845
DIAGNOSIS.—Corallum solitary, cuneiform, and free, with
alate edge crests. Septa arranged in a Pourtales Plan. Paliform
lobes present; columella spongy.
TYPE SPECIES.—Turbinolia maclurii Lea, 1833, by subsequent
designation (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1850a:lii).
Endopachys grayi Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848
PLATES 36eji, 37/
Endopachys grayi Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848b:82-83, pi. 1: figs. 2,
2a.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 139.—Cairns, 1984:27, pi. 5: fig. E
[synonymy].—Zibrowius and Grygier, 1985:128, figs. 39-42.—Cairns and
Keller, 1993:276 [synonymy].
Endopachys japonicum Yabe and Eguchi, 1932a:388, 389 [nomen nudum];
1932b:443 [nomen nudum]; 1932d:14-17, pi. 2: figs. 1-6; 1942b: 139.—
Eguchi. 1934:268; 1965:293, 3 figs.—Eguchi and Miyawaki. 1975:59.
Endopachys vaughani Durham, 1947:39-40, pi. 11: figs. 6-8, 10, 11.—
Durham and Barnard, 1952:103, pi. 16: fig. 67a,b.—Squires, 1959:426-427.
DESCRIPTION.—Edge angle, exclusive of lateral crests,
50°-55°; inclination of lateral faces changes 7-8 mm above the
base, increasing from a rather narrow 22°-28° to a more open