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NUMBER 557 47
largest and figured specimen. Type Localities: Indonesia
(Makassar Strait, Banda and Timor seas), 54-281 m.
The holotype of C. scobinosa decapali (53640), as limited
by Yabe and Eguchi by the designation of a type locality, and
paratypes are deposited at the TIUS (Plate 4\c,d). Type
Locality: Soyo Maru-210: 33°29'N, HS^'E (Kii Strait, off
southeastern Honshu), 165 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami and Suruga Bays, Honshu;
Kii Strait; off Shikoku; Osumi Shoto, northern Ryukyu Islands;
East China Sea off Danjo Gunto; Eastern Channel of Korea
Strait off Mishima; 70-422 m. Elsewhere: Makassar Strait,
Banda and Timor Seas; 54-281 m.
Caryophyllia (C.) rugosa Moseley, 1881
PLATES 20/, 21a
Caryophyllia rugosa Moseley, 1881:141-143, pi. 1: fig. 8.—Wells, 1954:469,
pi. 177: figs. 5, 6.—Cairns. 1984:11-13, pi. 2: figs. A.B; pi. 4: fig. I
[synonymy].—Cairns and Keller, 1993:236, fig. 3i.
Caryophyllia paraoctopali Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b:120. 150, pi. 10: fig. 12.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum ceratoid to cylindrical, often
firmly attached to a bivalve or barnacle through a broad
pedicel. Largest specimen examined (ZMC) 8.5 x 7.5 mm in
calicular diameter and 14.3 mm in height. Costae equal in
width (about 0.6 mm wide in large coralla), flat, and covered
with fine transverse rugae (Plate 21a). Corallum white.
Septa of most coralla (i.e., calicular diameter < 5.5 mm)
octamerally arranged in 3 cycles: 8:8:16 (= 32 septa). Primary
septa only slightly exsert (about 0.8 mm), extend about
three-quarters distance to columella, and have very sinuous
inner edges. Secondary septa less exsert (about 0.5 mm), about
three-quarters width of a primary, and also have very sinuous
inner edges. Tertiary septa about 0.4 mm exsert, three-quarters
width of a secondary, and have moderately sinuous inner edges.
A crown of 8 slender, quite sinuous pali occur before the
secondary septa. In larger coralla (i.e., calicular diameter > 5.5
mm), additional septa occur but octameral symmetry is
maintained. In these larger coraila, pairs of tertiary septa within
various sectors are accelerated to an equivalent width of a
secondary and are flanked by smaller quaternary septa. In such
a sector, a palus occurs before each tertiary septa, not the
secondary, leading to coralla with 52 septa and 9 pali, or 56
septa and 10 pali. If only 1 tertiary septum is enlarged within a
sector, the palus remains single before the secondary septum.
Fossa quite shallow, containing 3-6 slender, twisted elements.
DISCUSSION.—There are four species of octamerally symmetrical
Caryophyllia with 32 septa (Cairns, 1991a); C. rugosa
is distinguished from the other three by having transversely
sculptured costae and a very small corallum. In their
description of C. paraoctopali, Yabe and Eguchi (1942b)
distinguished it from C. rugosa by its having octameral
symmetry; however, C. rugosa also has octameral symmetry
and is clearly the senior synonym.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-4924, 1,
USNM 92673; TM (KT9202, YS1), 3, USNM 92674; TM
(KT9202, YS2), 1, ORI; 32°15'N, 128°20'E, 181 m, 17 April
1926, 30 specimens, ZMC; 32°21'N, 128°49'E, 179-291 m, 2
specimens, ZMC.
TYPES.—The syntypes of C. rugosa are deposited at the BM.
Type Localities: Challenger stations 192 and 201 (Indonesia
and Philippine Islands), 187-230 m.
Four syntypes of C. paraoctopali are deposited at the TIUS
(53645-53648). Type Locality: "Pacific coast of Honshu,
Shikoku, and Kyushu," 71-183 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Suruga Bay, Honshu; off southeastern
Kyushu and northern Ryukyu Islands (Colnett Strait and
Tokara Retto); East China Sea off Danjo Gunto; 71-240 m.
Elsewhere: Off Taiwan, Philippines, Ceram Sea, Bikini,
Hawaiian Islands, and southwest Indian Ocean; 100-439 m.
Caryophyllia (C.) jogashimaensis Eguchi, 1968
PLATE21A,C
Caryophyllia jogashimaensis Eguchi, 1968:C33, pi. C18: figs. 4-8.—Cairns,
1991a:12.
Description of Specimen from TM (KT9202, YT2).—
Corallum trochoid: 12.1 x 9.7 mm in calicular diameter, 15.7
mm in height, and 4.7 mm in pedicel diameter. Theca worn and
heavily encrusted with serpulids and foraminifera; however,
theca near base appears to bear fine transverse rugae. Upper
outer (near theca) septal edges light red in color.
Septa arranged in 4 size classes accordingly: 9:9:18:34 (= 70
septa), 1 of the 18 half-sectors missing its pair of quaternaries.
Primary septa moderately exsert (about 1.6 mm), extend about
three-quarters distance to columella, and have slightly sinuous
inner edges. Secondary septa less exsert (about 0.9 mm), about
the same width, and also have slightly sinuous inner edges.
Tertiary septa least exsert (about 0.5 mm), about three-quarters
width of a secondary, and have very sinuous inner edges.
Quaternary septa slightly more exsert than tertiary septa
because they are fused at calicular edge to their adjacent S1 and
S2 in short, rectangular projections. Quaternaries quite broad,
almost as wide as tertiaries, and have slightly sinuous inner
edges. A crown of 17 well-developed (1.2 mm wide), highly
granular, sinuous pali occur before the tertiary septa. Fossa of
moderate depth, containing an elongate columella consisting of
4 or 5 twisted and partially fused elements.
DISCUSSION.—Eguchi (1968) described the larger (GCD =
19-20 mm) syntype (1968, pi. C18: figs. 4,5) of this species as
having 72 septa arranged 9:9:18:36 and 18 pali in 18
half-sectors; however, it easily can be seen from his illustration
that there are either 17 or 19 half-sectors (17:17:34:4 or
19:19:34, respectively) and 19 pali, two end half-sectors being
in the process of expanding. The smaller syntype (pi. C18: figs.
6-8; GCD = 14 mm) appears to have 15 half-sectors arranged:
15:15:30 (60 septa), with 1 palus per half-sector. The number of
sectors, septa, and pali (i.e., 15-19 half-sectors, 60-72 septa,