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26 TYPE SPECIES.—Nomlandia californica Durham and Barnard, 1952, by original designation. Nomlandia californica Durham and Barnard, 1952 PLATE %g Nomlandia californica Durham and Barnard, 1952:91, pi. 12: fig. 53.—Wells, 1956:F423.—Bythell, 1986, 19.—Cairns et al., 1991:47. REDESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—Coral lum discoidal and firmly attached (encrusting): 9.7 x 7.0 mm in calicular diameter and only 2.4 mm in height. Thecal wall and costae absent; outer edges of septa attenuate in height toward perimeter of basal plate. Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles (48 septa) according to formula: S1>S2>S3>S4. S1 extend to columella, the higher cycle septa progressively less wide. All septa semi-circular in shape (arched), the S, being the highest of the septa. Septal edges finely pleated corresponding to underlying trabeculae that are oriented perpendicular to septal edges. Closer to basal plate and toward columella the septa bear tall, elongate carinae oriented parallel to septal edges. A sinuous palus (P3) occurs in only one half-system, being absent from all other half-systems. Columella a single low, twisted lath, which is attached to the inner edges of the 6 Sv DISCUSSION.—This unusual species is known from only the holotype, collected from a sunken bouy off San Miguel Island, California. It does not resemble any North Pacific or any other previously described coral, justifying Durham and Barnard's creation of a new genus. Durham and Barnard (1952) suggested that Nomlandia was related to Bathycyathus, but its inconsistent presence of pali and lack of a thecal wall argue against that relation. Wells (1956) questioningly placed the genus in the Caryophylliinae. The holotype appears to be a mature specimen, not a juvenile stage of a larger, better-known species, but, until more specimens are collected, its range of variation and phylogenetic affinities remain enigmatic. Its encrustation of a sunken bouy suggests that it might have been transported a great distance, either alive or after death. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: None. Previous Records: Holotype. TYPE.—The holotype (Plate 8g) of N. californica is deposited at the SBMNH (35560) ex AHF 19. Type Locality: 1.1 km off Richardson Point, San Miguel Island, Channel Islands, California; 82 m on a sunken bouy. DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type locality. DesmophyUum Ehrenberg, 1834 DIAGNOSIS.—Solitary, trochoid, fixed. Septothecate. Pali absent; columella absent or quite rudimentary. Sparse endothecal dissepiments. Azooxanthellate. TYPE SPECIES.—Madrepora dianthus Esper, 1794, here designated. Milne Edwards and Haime (185Oa:xvii) have been cited as the authors to have subsequently designated DesmophyUum cristagalli Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a, as the SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY type species of DesmophyUum, however this cannot be valid since D. cristagalli was not included as a species in the original description of the genus. In Ehrenberg's (1834:299) original description of DesmophyUum, he listed two species: "D. dianthus (= Madrepora dianthus Esper)" and D. stellaria sp. nov. Since the type species of a genus must originate from the species originally placed in that genus when it was established (ICZN Articles 67g and 69a), D. cristagalli cannot be considered as the type species, even if it is considered to be a junior synonym of the type species. In 1857, Milne Edwards and Haime made a distinction between the Red Sea specimens Ehrenberg called D. dianthus (having five cycles of septa) and the "East Indian" specimen (having six cycles of septa) that Esper called D. dianthus. This undoubtedly led Wells (1956:F426) to designate Ehrenberg's "D. dianthus (non Madrepora dianthus Esper)" as the type species of the genus. But, regardless of the specimens Ehrenberg had in hand at the Muse"e de Berlin (see Zibrowius, 1980:117), he clearly equated his D. dianthus to Esper's species, and thus the type of the genus cannot be D. dianthus sensu Ehrenberg, as implied by Wells (1956), but must be the original D. dianthus (Esper, 1794). According to Zibrowius (1980:117), Ehrenberg's D. stellaria is a junior synonym of Balanophyllia europaea (Risso, 1826). It is therefore appropriate (ICZN recommendation 69B(3): choice by elimination) to designate the other species listed by Ehrenberg (1834) in his original generic account, M. dianthus Esper, 1794, as the type species of the genus. Esper's type of D. dianthus is lost (Scheer, 1990:406), and his description and illustrations leave room for doubt as to its identity, but it is known (Cairns, 1979, 1982) that D. cristagalli is a widespread and quite variable species, having five, six, or even more cycles of septa. It is quite likely that Esper's six-cycle D. dianthus from the "East Indies" was the same as Ehrenberg's five-cycle D. dianthus from the Red Sea, a species better known as D. cristagalli Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a. Even though the type of Esper's D. dianthus is lost, this name has nomenclatural priority as well as being the type species of the genus, and thus a neotype is chosen for this species: a specimen having six cycles of septa from Sagami Bay (Plate 9a,/?). DesmophyUum dianthus (Esper, 1794) PLATE 9a-d Madrepora dianthus Esper, 1794, pi. 69: figs. 1-3; 1795:85-86.—Scheer, 1990:406. DesmophyUum dianthus.—Ehrenberg, 1834:299-300.—Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a:254-255; 1857:77-78.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b:l 13-114, pi. 9: figs. 1-3.—Eguchi, 1965:290, 2 figs.; 1968:C41, pi. C33: fig. 6. DesmophyUum cristagalli Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a:253, pi. 7: figs. 10, 10a.—Marenzeller, 1904b:81.—Durham, 1947:36-37, pi. I: figs. 6, 10, 15, 17; 1949:158-159, pi. 4: figs. 2, 4, 7, 8.—Durham and Barnard, 1952: 86-87, pi. 11: fig. 48 [not Cartego Bay specimen].—Parker, 1964:150.— Talmadge, 1972:81, 2 figs.—Zibrowius, 1974a:758-761, pi. 3: figs. 1-10 [synonymy]; 1980:117-121, pi. 61: figs. A-O; pi. 62: figs. A-M.—Cairns, 1979:117-119, pi. 21: figs. 7, 8; pi. 22: fig. 8; 1982:29-30, pi. 8: figs. 9-12;
NUMBER 557 27 pi. 9: figs. 1-3 [synonymy]; 199la: 17, pi. 6: figs, g-i.—Austin, 1985:81.— Bythell, 1986:16-17, pi. 8: figs. A-D.—Kozloff, 1987:72. Desmophyllum cumingii Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a:254, pi. 7: fig. 11. DESCRIPTION.—Corallum ceratoid, often flaring at calice (trumpet-shaped), attached through a robust pedicel 20%-40% that of GCD. Largest North Pacific specimen (USNM 83583) 60 x 40 mm in calicular diameter and 50 mm in height, with a pedicel diameter of 20 mm. Calice circular, elliptical, or scalloped. Theca uniformly covered with small low granules; costae rarely expressed, but occasionally C:_3 are present in upper half of corallum as thin ridges. Corallum light brown or grey. Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 to 6 cycles according to the formula: S1_2>S3»S4>S5>S6. Fourth cycle (48 septa) attained at a calicular diameter of about 7 mm and fifth cycle at a calicular diameter of about 18 mm; a complete sixth cycle (192 septa) is often present in Japanese specimens. S:_2 extremely robust, up to 2 mm thick at thecal edge, and up to 11 mm exsert. S^_2 have straight, vertical inner edges that define a deep, narrow fossa, the inner edges of opposing SU2 sometimes almost touching in center of fossa. S3 also highly exsert, but narrower—only 80%-90% width of S^_2. S4 much smaller than S3 (50%-70% width) and least exsert of the septal cycles. S5 only about half width of S4, but highly exsert, rising well above S4 and often becoming incorporated into adjacent S^_3 in large coralla. Septal faces smooth, covered with small, fine, rounded granules. Fossa deep and slender. Columella usually absent but may consist of up to 5 slender fascicular or papillose elements, usually hidden from view in an intact corallum. DISCUSSION.—Specimens from the northeastern Pacific tend to have five cycles of thick septa, occasionally with pairs of S6. Japanese specimens tend to have a full sixth cycle, typifying the typical form originally described by Esper and the form identified as D. dianthus by Yabe and Eguchi (1942b). MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-2946, 8, USNM 19249; Alb-2978, 1, USNM 83536; Alb-2984, 1, USNM 92477; Alb-2987, 4, USNM 19202 and 19250; Alb-3170, 1, USNM 83537; Alb-4359, 1, USNM 92476; Alb-4912, 3, USNM M547422; R/V Washington, 32°25.78'N, 127°47.4'W (Fieberling Seamount), 440-488 m, 4, USNM 83583; Cobb Seamount, 312 m, 2, USNM 78630; off Santa Barbara, 64-80 m, 2, CAS 74903; Eel Canyon, 366 m, 5, CAS 74910; Carmel Bay, 183 m, 1, CAS 80926; Monterey Bay, 91-110 m, 2, CAS 15647 and 16309; La Jolla Canyon, 33 m, 1, SIO Co 1265; 32°46'N, 117°22.8'W, 183 m, 8, SIO Co 1193; 32°46.5'N, 1 lS^O.S'W, 505 m, 2, SIO Co 1276; east of South Point, Guadelupe, 274 m, 3, SIO Co 1333; off Point Loma, 229 m, 10, SIO Co 945; TM (KT7802,Z61), 1, IOM; Enoshima, Sagami Bay, 9, USNM 92612; 32°21'N, 128°41'E, 179-201 m, 2, ZMC; 32°21'N, 128°39'E, 274-366 m, 5, ZMC. Previous Records: Neotype of D. dianthus; holotype of D. cristagalli; specimens reported by Marenzeller (1904b) from Alb-3384 and 3401 (USNM); specimens reported by Durham (1947) from Alb-4370,4373, 4376,4377 (USNM). TYPES.—Although we may never know the identity of Esper's D. dianthus from the "East Indies" because the type is lost and the description is brief, it nonetheless must be considered as the type species of the genus (see above). Because it is the type species of Desmophyllum, it is appropriate to designate a neotype (Plate 9a,b) for the species, herein deignated as a specimen from Sagami Bay, depth unknown (USNM 92475). The holotype of D. cristagalli is deposited at the MNHNP and illustrated by Cairns (1979, pi. 21: figs. 7, 8). Type Locality: Gulf of Gascogne, depth unknown. The type of D. cumingii has not been traced. Type Locality: "Pacific coast of South America," depth unknown. DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Austin, 1985); Cobb Seamont, Washington to off San Diego, including Channel Isalnds, Cordell Bank, and Fieberling Seamount; Isla de Guadelupe, Mexico; Gulf of California (Parker, 1964); Gulf of Panama (Marenzeller, 1904b); Cocos and Galapagos Islands (Cairns, 1991a); 33- 1097 m. Off Japan: Sagami Bay to Kii Strait, Honshu; off Shikoku; off Koshiki Island, southwest Kyushu; 77-715 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan except for off continental Antarctica and northern boreal Pacific; 35-2460 m (Cairns, 1982). Common on seamounts, guyots, and deep-water coral banks associated with framework building species (Cairns and Stanley, 1982). Lophelia Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849 DIAGNOSIS.—Colonial, forming large dendroid colonies by intratentacular budding. Coenosteum dense; costae poorly developed. Pali absent; columella rudimentary. Sparse tabular endothecal dissepiments present. Azooxanthellate. TYPE SPECIES.—Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766 (= L. pertusa L., 1758), by subsequent designation (Milne Edwards and Haime, 185Oa:xx). Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) PLATE 9e-i Madrepora pertusa Linnaeus, 1758:797. Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766:307. Lophelia californica Durham, 1947:36, pi. 1: figs. 13, 16; pi. 2: fig. 11.—Bythell. 1986:18, pi. 10: figs. A-E — Kozloff, 1987:72.—Cairns, 1991a:17. Dendrosmilia nomlandi Durham and Barnard, 1952:85, pi. 10: fig. 47.— Caims, 1979:126.—Bythell, 1986:16, pi. 10: fig. F; 1991a:18. Lophelia prolifera.—Cairns, 1979:125-127, pi. 24: figs. 1-5 [synonymy]; 1982:30-31, pi. 9: fig. 6; 1991a:17-18, pi. 6: fig. j. Lophelia pertusa.—Zibrowius, 1980:126-130, pi. 66: figs. A-L [synonymy]. Description of northeastern Pacific Specimens.-Colonies up to 25 x 12 cm in size (Bythell, 1986), achieved by profuse intratentacular budding. Up to 8 corallites may bud from the perimeter of a single corallite (Plate 9/), which ultimately produces a very dense, sometimes anastomotic, colony.
Page 1 and 2: Scleractinia of the Temperate North
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbrev
Page 7 and 8: NUMBER 557 Stephanophyllia Michelin
Page 9: NUMBER 557 vii Flabellum (U.) apert
Page 12 and 13: D:H Ratio of calicular diameter to
Page 14 and 15: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 16 and 17: (1834:354) as Dendrophyllia semiram
Page 18 and 19: Zoogeography I. Northeastern Pacifi
Page 20 and 21: 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 30 and 31: 20 Vaughan, 1903. Caryophyllia cali
Page 32 and 33: 22 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records
Page 34 and 35: 24 USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 1
Page 38 and 39: 28 Corallites ceratoid, often sligh
Page 40 and 41: 30 Scotia to Burdwood Bank (Cairns,
Page 42 and 43: 32 2 prototheca secondary eDitheca
Page 44 and 45: 34 0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one
Page 46 and 47: 36 height or diameter. Extratentacu
Page 48 and 49: 38 closely spaced carinae; and a lo
Page 50 and 51: 40 ratio and a more solid base, wit
Page 52 and 53: 42 MATERIAL EXAMINED.^WW Records: T
Page 54 and 55: 44 DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Ba
Page 56 and 57: 46 in 4 complete cycles according t
Page 58 and 59: 48 and 15-19 pali) thus appears to
Page 60 and 61: 50 an S3 and have slightly sinuous
Page 62 and 63: 52 Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 19
Page 64 and 65: 54 shallow, containing an elliptica
Page 66 and 67: 56 separated from its septum by a r
Page 68 and 69: 58 mm in calicular diameter and 22.
Page 70 and 71: 60 A. matricidus by its broader and
Page 72 and 73: 62 TYPE SPECIES.—Phyllangia ameri
Page 74 and 75: 64 Septa hexamerally arranged in 3
Page 76 and 77: 66 with that species (Cairns, 1989a
Page 78 and 79: 68 Tropidocyathus pilots (Alcock, 1
Page 80 and 81: 70 vermiformis is easily distinguis
Page 82 and 83: 72 38-41 mm; seventh cycle graduall
Page 84 and 85: 74 figs. 2, 3.—Kikuchi, 1968:8—
Page 86 and 87:
76 TruncatoflabeUum spheniscus (Dan
Page 88 and 89:
78 crests or spurs (not spines) occ
Page 90 and 91:
80 Theca marked by thin (0.05 mm wi
Page 92 and 93:
82 inner edge being dentate to laci
Page 94 and 95:
84 Balanophyllia sp. A PLATE 40/ Ba
Page 96 and 97:
86 BalanophyIlia fistula—Yabe and
Page 98 and 99:
88 gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haim
Page 100 and 101:
90 shape. Colony obviously dead whe
Page 102 and 103:
92 6.0-6.5 x 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter
Page 104 and 105:
94 (38354). Type Locality: La Paz,
Page 106 and 107:
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 108 and 109:
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 110 and 111:
Abe, N. 1939. [Ecological Studies o
Page 112 and 113:
102 Marine Biology, 71:223-231, 9 f
Page 114 and 115:
104 Nishimura, S., and K. Susuki 19
Page 116 and 117:
106 1935. Notes on Some Turbinolian
Page 118 and 119:
Plates 1-42
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110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
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