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Septa hexamerally arranged in 3 complete cycles according
to the formula: S1»S2>S3. St not very exsert and quite narrow
(only about 0.6 mm wide), with straight, vertical inner edges
that extend to uppermost dissepiment. S2 much thinner (only
about 0.2 mm wide); S3 smaller still (only about 0.1 mm wide),
both S2 and S3 extend deep into fossa. Fossa usually deep and
vacuous, bordered laterally by inner edges of narrow septa and
basally by a horizontal dissepiment. Thin, tabular endothecal
dissepiments occur every 2-10 mm, giving the corallum a very
low density.
DISCUSSION.—This species is well described and illustrated
by Yabe and Eguchi (1936) and Cairns (1982). Goniocorella is
monotypic.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Sagami Bay,
depth unknown, 1 colony, USNM 92708, 1 fragment, ORI;
Okinose, Sagami Bay, 366 m, several colonies, ZMC; off Izu
Peninsula, Honshu, depth unknown, 1 colony, USNM 92707.
TYPES.—Several syntypes of P. dumosa are deposited at the
ZMA (Coel. 1097). Another syntype is presumed to be
deposited at the Indian Museum, Calcutta (see van Soest, 1979;
Cairns, 1982). Type Localities: Siboga stations 156, 259,
Banda Sea, Indonesia, 469-487 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Off Honshu from Sagami Bay to Owase;
off southwestern Shikoku; off Ullung Do, South Korea, Sea of
Japan; 100-366 m. Elsewhere: Off South Africa; Banda Sea;
New Zealand region; 100-760 m.
Family TURBINOLIIDAE
Notocyathus Tenison-Woods, 1880
DIAGNOSIS.—Corallum solitary, cylindro-conical or cuneiform,
with a pointed, unattached base; transverse division
absent. Theca imperforate; costae serrate and correspond to
septa. Septa highly exsert. Pali before all but last cycle, but
Pu2 suppressed in adult; pairs of P3 unite in V-shaped
structures in each system. Columella papillose.
TYPE SPECIES.—Caryophyllia viola Duncan, 1865, by
subsequent designation (Felix, 1927).
Notocyathus venustus (Alcock, 1902)
PLATE 27*./
Citharocyathus venustus Alcock, 1902b: 119; 1902c:22, pi. 3: figs. 19,
19a.—?Yabe and Eguchi. 1932b:443,444.
?Citharocyathus conicus forma venustus.—Wells. 1984:214, pi. 4: figs. 2-5.
Notocyathus venustus.—Cairns, 1989a:27-28. pi. 12: figs, c-h [synonymy].
DESCRIPTION.—Lower half of corallum conical (ceratoid),
but upper half a constant-diameter cylinder. Largest Japanese
specimen examined 7.15 x 6.95 mm in calicular diameter and
12.6 mm in height, which is the largest reported specimen. C,
independent C2 trifurcate very near base epicenter, resulting in
2 C3 and a medial C2. C3 also trifurcate within 2 mm of
epicenter, each C3 producing 2 C4 and a medial C3. C^
slightly broader than C^. All costae bear a uniserial row of
teeth as well as smaller lateral granules that project into
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
intercostal spaces. Intercostal furrows deep and narrow, which
is characteristic of the family. Corallum white.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles according
to the formula: S1>S2>S3»S4. S1 highly exsert (about 2.2
mm) and have straight, vertical inner edges that fuse with the
columella deep in fossa. S2 less exsert (about 1.6 mm) and
about two-thirds width of an S,, their inner edges fused to the
V-shaped palar fusion of adjacent P3. S3 slightly less exsert and
about two-thirds width of an S2, each S3 separated by a broad
notch from a tall, lamellar palus about 0.5 mm wide. Inner
edges of each P3 pair fused near columella, producing a
V-shaped paliform structure in each of the 6 systems. S4 small,
only about one-third as exsert and two-thirds as wide as an S3.
Fossa lacking, the columellar and palar elements rising well
above calicular edge. Columella papillose, composed of 7-12
fused elements.
DISCUSSION.—Yabe and Eguchi (1942b, 1946) did not
consider N. venustus and N. conicus to be distinct species, but
after examining the types of both species, I (Cairns, 1989a)
listed several characters that consistently differentiate the two.
To summarize, N. venustus has (1) a nearly circular calice
(GCD:LCD = 1.02-1.05 vs 1.05-1.22 for N. conicus), (2)
more exsert S1-3 and less exsert S4, and 3) no fossa.
Furthermore, the inner septal edges of N. venustus are straight,
whereas the inner edges of the Su3 ofN. conicus are sinuous.
Notocyathus venustus was described and illustrated in
greater detail by Cairns (1989a); however, his distributional
record of Pleistocene from the Ryukyu Islands attributed to
Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) was an error.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.^/Vew Records: TM (KT9015,
BS2), 12, USNM 92778; TM (KT9309, AM8), 4, ORI.
Previous Records: 3 syntypes of C. venustus, ZMA; C.
conicus forma venustus of Wells (1984), USNM 73968.
TYPES.—Three of the four syntypes of C. venustus are
deposited at the ZMA (Coel. 1244); the location of the fourth
syntype is unknown (Van Soest, 1979). Type Locality:
Siboga-59: 10°22.7'S, 123° 16.5^ (Savu Sea, Indonesia),
390 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Bungo Strait off northeastern
Kyushu; off Amami Oshima, Ryukyu Islands (new record for
Japan); 193-422 m. Elsewhere: South China Sea; Philippines;
Celebes and Savu Sea, Indonesia; 70-555 m. ?Pleistocene
of Vanuatu (Wells, 1984) and Ryukyu Islands (Yabe and
Eguchi, 1932b).
Notocyathus conicus (Alcock, 1902)
PLATE 2ia,b
Citharocyathus conicus Alcock, 19O2b:l 18-119; 1902c:22, pi. 3: figs. 18,
18a.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1941c:212, fig. 4a,b; 1942b:122, pi. 10: figs. 17,18.
Sphenotrochus viola.—Gerth, 1921:393, pi. 57: figs. 10, 11.
Notocyathus conicus.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1946:7.—Eguchi, 1965:289, 2
figs.—Cairns, 1989a:28, pi. 13: figs, a-i [synonymy].
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum regularly conical, never cylindrical,
with a slightly compressed calice having a GCD:LCD